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  <title>STRATEGY MANAGEMENT</title>
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									<title>STRATEGY MANAGEMENT</title>
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   <title>Introduction of Strategy Management</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><strong>Introduction<p /></strong></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial"></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial">The roots of Strategic Management are deeply embedded in military history going back to the times of Sun Tzu in approximately 500 BC. This famous Chinese General was noted for being able to accurately assess the outcome of a battle before the action started by simply observing the opposing forces on the field, how they positioned themselves and how well they were equipped. Many authors refer to the crafting of strategy as an art form. In fact, the word ‘strategy’ is derived from the Greek word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">‘strategos’ </i>which means ‘the art of the General’. In today’s business context, the crafting of a competitive strategy, with so many opposing forces and factors to take into account, is indeed an art form, requiring a special kind of thinking, insight and creativity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">      </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial"></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial">Many of you will be students who have majored in International Business, trade and finance. This paper is an opportunity for you to bring all of the insights, observations and knowledge gained in those subjects into one area and to develop your capacity to craft a meaningful competitive strategy, not solely for business, but for yourself as well. The world is full of opportunity and this program is as much about developing a competitive personal strategy as it is about understanding the dynamics of business strategy. Your future growth and development rest firmly on the premise that, as an individual, your competitive advantage lies primarily between your ears. Develop your mind, keep your eyes and ears open, constantly look at your alternatives, map out a personal strategy for your development and you’ll be fine. The world and business needs people who can think strategically and convert those thoughts into action. <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial"></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial">My main concern in this program is to develop your capacity to think strategically, a characteristic which is in short supply throughout the world in many businesses. You will be required to question, challenge, debate, assess and justify everything done in this course. If you passively accept what is presented to you in this program you will achieve little. This is not a paper where there are right or wrong answers indeed I will say things during this program to facilitate your challenge and debate, some of which will be totally contrary to your perspective. I enjoy spirited debate and I trust you will develop the same passion I have for this art form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">      </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">   </span><p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial"></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.3pt"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><font face="Arial">The paper is presented over one semester (12 lectures) and counts 12.5 points toward your degree. This is loosely interpreted as requiring 12.5 hours of your time (including lectures) each week in order to successfully complete the paper. However, it is also a stage 3 management paper requiring a higher standard of input on your behalf. To do the program justice and to enhance your ultimate grade I encourage you to read beyond the scope of this material and look at what is happening around you, think about what this means to you, your future and businesses in general. Above all, I want you to have fun and enjoy this program. I look forward to meeting you in lectures. <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Papyrus; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Papyrus">Welcome and warm regards,<p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><b><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-FAMILY: Papyrus">Bill Kirkley</span></b><b><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-FAMILY: Papyrus; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><b><span lang="EN-NZ" style="FONT-FAMILY: Papyrus">Paper co-ordinator, <placename w:st="on">Massey</placename> <placetype w:st="on">University</placetype>, <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Albany</city></place> Campus. <p /></span></b></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2208949.html">欧洲宽带培植转型基因</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208908.html">　解读新西兰电信</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203138.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203051.html">Still ripping us off after all these years</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2202927.html">全球宽带调查报告</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2522695.html&title=Introduction+of+Strategy+Management">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://tuijian.blogbus.com/" target="_blank">推荐：让我们寻找最优秀的Blogger！</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2522695.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2006 07:10:56 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>企业战略管理和竞争情报</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=2 width="100%" border=0>
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<TD align=middle><B><FONT class=24d color=#003399>企业战略管理和竞争情报</FONT></B></TD></TR>
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<P>　　</P>
<P>在日益激烈的市场竞争环境中，企业竞争战略的选择和制定关系着企业参与市场较量的成败，所以，关于竞争战略制定和实施的现代管理模式——战略管理受到现代企业的关注。竞争战略的选择和制定是竞争情报研究的核心问题，竞争情报的研究是企业战略管理的基础。因此，企业竞争情报及研究就是以战略管理为目的的关于竞争环境和竞争对手的信息活动。 <BR></P>
<P>1 企业竞争战略和竞争战术及其特点 </P>
<P>随着商品经济的发展，来源于军事术语的战略一词逐渐用于经济领域。70年代，以哈佛商学院为渊源的一股战略研究热潮风行美国，80年代，Michael E. Porter等学者的开拓性工作不仅推进了战略理论和方法的研究，而且受到了全世界的瞩目。迄今，战略及战略管理在理论界的研究成果日益丰厚，在实践界的认同和应用越来越广泛，尤其受到企业界的热烈反映。 </P>
<P>在军事上，战争的胜利既有赖于战略又有赖于战术，良好的战略和高超的战术都是必要条件，仅有其中之一是不行的。在商业经济活动中，战略和战术同样是互不可缺的。但战略与战术是有区别的，为了更好地理解竞争战略情报研究的具体内容，我们将首先讨论两者的概念、区别和特点。 </P>
<P>1．1 竞争战略和竞争战术的概念和区别 </P>
<P>在经济界关于战略和战术的概念有多种提法，如战略表示重要决策，战术表示次要决策；战略是长期的，战术是短期的。这些观点虽然在一定程度上表明了两者的区别，但在实际操作上难于鉴别，因此，我们采用将军事上的概念移植到商业中的作法来界定竞争战略和竞争战术的概念。在军事上竞争战略是关于战役的地点、时间和条件的决策，而竞争战术是在战役过程中有关兵力的分组、行动的决策；或者说竞争战略指明的是在哪里（Where）与敌人作战（竞争），竞争战术指明如何（How）去实施。那么，用在经济活动中，竞争战略就是关于企业在何处的选择，包括地域、产业和部门的选择的决策；竞争战术就是关于企业战略实施如何具体执行的决策，包括有关职能部门的各种事情：管理、科研、生产、营销、会计等等。例如：TCL欲进入新的产业——IT产业的决策就是竞争战略决策。而进入后，在广告宣传上，是通过电视还是通过报纸进行产品推销的决策就是竞争战术决策。 </P>
<P>竞争战略要解决的核心问题是企业如何凭借实力进入某地、某产业和某个部门并在其中确定自己的竞争目标与方针，以指导企业在竞争中取胜；竞争战术解决的核心问题是企业如何在战略性竞争策略指引下，制定出能够捕获市场机会的能够发挥其竞争优势的一系列措施与计划，最终赢得竞争市场。 </P>
<P>1．2 竞争战略和竞争战术的特点 </P>
<P>竞争战略的特点是：战略不仅受环境力量和资源可得性影响而且受战略的决策者价值观和期望的影响，作为企业的关键管理资源要素影响着企业的长期发展方向，并直接决定和影响着战术的选择或制定。 </P>
<P>竞争战术的特点是：战术可以是灵活而多样的，在不断变化的竞争环境中，通过战术的创新，不仅可以很好地使企业的竞争目标得以实现，而且可以增强企业的竞争优势。作为企业的动态管理资源要素，连接着企业的竞争目标与竞争市场，影响着战略实施的结果，而且影响着企业的生产经营过程。 </P>
<P>2 战略管理 </P>
<P>2．1 战略管理的含义 </P>
<P>随着市场竞争环境的复杂多变和竞争战略理论研究及实际应用的深入，出现了战略管理的概念，70年代开始，美国的一些大公司着手重视战略管理，学术界也积极探索战略管理的理论和技术。战略管理的提出和运用，不仅使战略研究更加科学、全面、系统，而且标志着现代企业管理的发展进入了一个崭新的阶段。 </P>
<P>对于来讲，战略管理则是研究企业高层管理者如何在特定的环境下有效地制定、实施和评价企业竞争战略和战术，以使企业能充分利用自身优势，抓住外部机会和避开外部威胁，达到企业竞争目标的动态过程。 </P>
<P>2．2 战略管理的阶段 </P>
<P>战略管理过程（Strategic Management Process）包括三个阶段：战略制定、战术运用（战略实施）和战略评价。 </P>
<P>战略制定——包括确定企业任务，分析企业的外部机会与威胁和企业内部优势与弱点，建立长期目标，制定可供选择的战略，以及选择特定的实施战略。战略制定过程所要决定的主要问题有：企业进入何种新产业？放弃何种产业？如何配置资源？是否进入新的地域？是否扩大市场范围？是否扩大经营或进行多元经营？是否进行合并或建立合资公司？如何防止被敌意接管？由于没有任何企业拥有无限的资源，战略制定者必须确定在可选择的战略中，哪一种能够使公司获得最大收益。战略决策将使公司在相当长的时期内与特定的产品、市场、资源和技术相联系。 </P>
<P>战术运用（战略实施）——在这一过程中，要求公司树立年度目标、制定政策、激励雇员和配置资源，各个职能部门制定具体的战术，以便使制定的战略得以贯彻执行，也就是战略实施阶段。战术运用活动包括培育支持战略实施的企业文化，建立有效的组织结构，制定预算，建立和使用信息系统，制定各种行动。方案和具体计划措施。战术运用往往被称做是战略管理的行动阶段，实施意味着动员雇员和管理者将已制定的战略付诸行动。已经制定的战略无论多么好，但如未能实施，便不会有任何实际作用。战术运用活动受企业中的所有雇员及管理者的素质和行为的直接影响，往往被看作是战略管理过程中难度最大的阶段，因此，在该阶段人力资源的开发和利用是关键环节。为激励整个公司的管理者和雇员以自豪感和热情为实现已明确的目标而努力工作，要求每个分公司或部门在战术运用阶段都必须回答诸如这样的问题：“为实施企业战略中属于我们责任的部分，我们必须做什么？”以及“我们能将工作做得多好？” </P>
<P>战略评价——这是战略管理的最后阶段。由于外部及内部因素处于不断变化之中，所有战略都将面临不断地调整与修改，所以管理者需要及时地了解哪一特定的战略管理阶段出了问题，而战略评价便是获得这一信息的主要方法。战略评价活动包括：重新审视外部与内部因素；度量业绩；采取纠正措施。战略评价是必要的，因为今天的成功并不保证明天的成功，成功总是和新的、不同的问题并存，自满的公司必然失败。 </P>
<P>3 战略管理与竞争情报 </P>
<P>战略管理属企业高层管理活动，其核心是战略决策。战略决策必须根据企业的宗旨和目标，在对企业的内部优势和薄弱环节、外部威胁和市场机会进行系统化分析基础上制定的。在这一过程中，需要大量的竞争情报。竞争情报一般指搜集、处理、分析和利用反映竞争环境和竞争对手的各要素和事件的状态、变化及其相互联系的数据或信息的过程，这一过程的目的是向企业的管理人员描绘出一个全面的、动态的竞争环境的图景，以使企业充分地准确地估计自身的竞争能力、竞争对手的实力和外部环境所蕴藏的各种机会和威胁，从而制定和实施正确的竞争战略，创建和保持持久的竞争优势。从这一意义上说，竞争情报是战略管理的基础，无论是战略的制定，还是战略的实施和评价，都需要对企业的竞争环境、竞争对手和竞争战略进行基于信息的搜集、研究和分析的过程。 </P>
<P>3．1 战略管理的情报研究过程 </P>
<P>战略管理的情报研究的目的是能够提供所需的信息和信息加工能力，使企业能够执行其所期望的在市场中取胜的战略。选择和制定企业的竞争战略是竞争情报研究的最关键环节，是在竞争环境及竞争对手的情服研究基础上开展的，关系着企业参与市场竞争的结果。 </P>
<P>3．2 战略管理的情报研究的主要问题 </P>
<P>战略管理的情报研究是体现信息活动价值和效用的重要环节，是体现竞争情报“智力性”、“谋略性”的主要过程。竞争战略管理情报研究的主要内容涉及的问题有： </P>
<P>（1） 在特定的环境及竞争对手分析的情况下，企业能否进入新的或改变原有的地域、行业和部门？进入的标准有哪些？ </P>
<P>（2）在企业现有的资源实力的基础上，企业在战略改变过程中如何定位？ </P>
<P>（3）在战略制定过程中有哪些战略可以选择？ </P>
<P>（4）在可选择的战略中企业能够和最期盼实施的战略是什么？ </P>
<P>（5）在竞争策略实施的过程中还需要进一步监测的环境及竞争对手的因素有哪些？ </P>
<P>（6）影响战略选择和决策的关键信息要素有哪些？ </P>
<P>上述这些问题是竞争策略情报研究的出发点，围绕这些问题开展的企业竞争环境和竞争对手的信息搜集、加工、分析和研究就是企业竞争战略情报研究的具体活动和内容。</P></BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2522695.html">Introduction of Strategy Management</a> 2006-05-22</div><div><a href="/logs/2208949.html">欧洲宽带培植转型基因</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208947.html">三网合一</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208908.html">　解读新西兰电信</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203131.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2472449.html&title=%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%92%8C%E7%AB%9E%E4%BA%89%E6%83%85%E6%8A%A5">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/fengshang?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=fengshang" target="_blank">风尚频道——国内顶尖的时尚族群汇聚于此，未必是流行，但一定要有品位。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
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   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2006 07:37:10 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>SWOT的缺陷</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<H2 style="MARGIN-TOP: 18pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: purple; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; COLOR: purple; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的缺陷</SPAN></H2>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析最早由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Learned</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等人于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1965</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年提出，在战略管理领域中被广泛运用。从战略管理研究的角度看，对企业内部分析而言，从最初简单的检核表（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>check list</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），到特异能耐（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>distinctive competence</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、价值链及核心能力等概念的提出可以都看作是对优势的发展，对企业的外部分析，除了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>PEST</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Porter</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的竞争战略理论对企业外部环境的分析，以产业为对象进一步细化，这些无疑都对战略管理理论和实践的发展产生了重要影响。从战略管理教学的角度看，许多战略管理教科书仍然使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析作为全书的布局，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>MBA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学生对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析更是耳熟能详，凡案例分析大多必用之。从战略管理咨询的角度看，仍有众多战略咨询报告以此为分析工具。本文的目的是要解剖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析所存在的问题，指出其所隐含的假定，以优势为中心论述其四个区分要素的相互关系，并探讨认知在利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制定战略过程中的影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red">
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<H3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的隐含假定</SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略决策需要信息，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析对战略决策需要的信息做了两个区分：内外区分，即关于企业自身的信息和关于企业所处环境的信息；利害区分，即对企业有利的企业内部优势（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>S</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、外部机会（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>O</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和对企业有害的内部劣势（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>W</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和外部威胁（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>T</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。毫无疑问，这种分类大大明晰和简化了企业制定战略时需要掌握的信息，然而这也是招致了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缺陷的隐含假定。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内外区分的假定</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析中通常认为，机会和威胁只存在于外部环境中，优势与劣势只存在于内部环境中，然而事实上优势和劣势可以出现在企业外部，机会和威胁也可以出现在企业内部。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Penrose</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指出企业的发展机会往往存在于企业内部，企业内部剩余的生产性（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>productive</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）资源是企业得以成长的重要机会。更为重要的是很多时候企业内外难以分割，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Chamberlain</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为企业的能力嵌套在相互依赖的网络中，这个网络中的相互依赖既存在于企业内部，也体现在企业与环境之间。正如组织资产对战略行动的支持一样，环境中的主体对企业支持的意愿也是组织能力的一部分。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Barney</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为分析环境通常不能得到超额收益，如果因此而得到超额收益，也是运气，因为分析环境的方法和信息是公开的，任何企业都可以得到，只有分析企业执行产品市场战略的独特资产，例如专有技术，才可能获得超额收益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Barney</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的分析仍然是内外分割，即使是分析环境，也要受企业内部因素的影响，组织资产的价值只有在一定的环境中才能彰显其价值，内外整合的分析才可以展现更完整的战略图景。如果在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析中泛泛和割裂的列举企业内部优势和劣势以及外部环境的机会和威胁，继而建立某种内外关联，并籍此形成企业的战略，显然是危险的或是在实践中已经证明的那样是难以操作的。企业的外部变化导致企业优势的改变，这也从另一个方面表明企业内外联系的紧密性。换句话说，内外环境的分割只是分析的便利，而不是企业的实际。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利害区分的假定</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对优势和劣势的判断其实是一个复杂的测量问题。从测量的角度看，对企业内外条件的测量往往会表现为一个连续体，优势和劣势的相对性和程度性要求使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析采用合适的测量标准，这比泾渭分明的优劣区分对企业实际有着更加客观的把握。然而，对优势和劣势与机会和威胁缺乏明晰的测量标准。例如优势是与企业自身历史、预先计划、竞争对手比较有优势，还是与顾客需求的情况比较有优势。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Stevenson</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的研究表明，对优势和劣势的评价标准有历史的、竞争的和计划的三个标准，企业对优势更多的采用历史和竞争标准，对劣势常常采用计划标准；虽然企业采用的评价步骤类似，但是并没有统一的标准，评价优势和劣势所采用的标准，往往依据业务的营运需要和组织特征的历史表现。威胁和机会可以针对同一事件，因为企业如果把握或处理的好，有机会独占鳌头，反之则有可能一蹶不振，这种情况可以成为危机，中国加入世贸，对很多中国企业就是如此。因此，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的优势与劣势区分割裂了企业内部情况的连续统一体，而机会与威胁的区分不能反映同一事件的利害两面性。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">静态分析的假定</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析通常是在某一时点对企业内外进行扫描，然后进行优势、劣势、威胁和机会的分析，从而形成四种内外匹配的战略，即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略：依靠内部优势，利用外部机会；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ST</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略：利用内部优势，回避外部威胁；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>WO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略：利用外部机会，克服内部弱点；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>WT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略：减少内部弱点，回避外部威胁。尽管有些学者对每项匹配的具体解释会有所不同，但是在当下对企业的优势、劣势、机会和威胁的静态分析，很难确保还没有实际发生的内外匹配一定会实现，例如，企业的优势是否强到足以把握机会、对抗威胁，企业的劣势是否弱到错失良机、不堪威胁。例如，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SO</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">战略包括的两种战略规划过程，即以产业威胁和机会为分析起点的外部导向战略规划过程（五力分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产业定位</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">价值活动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">驱动因子）和以内部资源和能力为起点的内部导向战略规划过程（识别资源和能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">评价资源和能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">利用资源和能力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings">à</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">填补资源差距），在企业外部环境稳定时期，对企业的战略制定有一定的指导作用，但是在企业外部环境动荡时期，产业结构模糊，企业的资源和能力不再有效，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的静态分析和内外匹配很难有实际的意义。换句话说，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析对制定涉及产业演化和能力演化的跨期发展战略帮助不多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析隐含着对人理性能力的自信，机械的内外匹配战略忽略了内外匹配往往是一个试错和学习的过程。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综上所述，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析所隐含的假定可以说既是其简化和分类信息的优势，也是其不能综合把握信息的劣势，对运用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析的战略实践者可以说存在潜在的威胁，然而，近些年的战略管理研究提供了丰富我们对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析认识的机会。</SPAN></P>
<H3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的构成要素</SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近二十多年的战略管理探索可以看作是对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析的深化，对企业内部的研究，以资源基础观点（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>RBV</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）为主要代表；对企业外部的研究，最具代表性的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Porter</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的竞争战略理论。这里以资源基础观点为主，结合竞争战略理论，对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析的区分要素进行分析。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作为有一定特征的优势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单纯的讨论优势没有任何意义，优势隐含着比较的含义，通常是和竞争对手比才能彰显出优势，这也是特异能力提出的基础，即特异能力是企业做得比竞争对手特别好能力，在价值链的不同环节上，企业各自从事自己擅长的活动。然而问题是为什么有些企业不可以做得和另一些企业一样好？战略理论的回答是因为另一些企业拥有核心能力，核心能力不仅使企业做得好，而且是竞争对手难以模仿和复制的，相当数量的文献对企业拥有的资源和能力的特征进行了探讨，例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Peteraf</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指出的能带给企业竞争优势的资源必须是异质的、对资源积累前后的相关竞争是有限制的，资源是难以转移的。有的学者则认为代给企业竞争优势的资源和能力是有价值的、稀有的、难以模仿和替代的。资源基础观点是由外部导向的竞争战略理论向内部导向的古典战略理论的回归，从生产资料市场的层面给出了竞争优势更令人信服的解释，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Porter</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">产品市场超额收益的竞争优势定义，从资源基础观点看只是结果，而非原因。毫无疑问，资源基础观点丰富了我们对优势的理解。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于优势的机会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析中的机会主要是围绕产品和市场中，可以使业务增长的一些情况，例如开发新市场、引入新产品和进行多角化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Porter</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按照行业对机会做了进一步的分析，例如在零散行业中有联合的机会，在新兴行业中有掌握先动优势的机会；在行业中还可以移动性壁垒为基础，进一步分析战略群组的机会。然而，资源基础观点的企业异质性表明，不同的企业可能面临不同的机会，即拥有不同资源和能力的企业更是可以选择不同的机会；既然有一定特征的资源和能力给企业带来竞争优势，那么可以获得企业所需的资源和能力也是一种重要的机会，尽管带给企业竞争优势的资源和那里常常是积累所得。这一点在战略联盟的文献中也有研究，即战略联盟是企业获取资源和能力的重要机会，例如青岛啤酒和美国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司结盟，提升了青岛啤酒在控制啤酒口味一致性上的能力。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">曾经是优势的劣势和危及优势的威胁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></I></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当企业的核心能力不能满足环境的要求时，企业的核心能力往往表现为核心刚性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Barton</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">认为核心刚性是不合时宜的知识集，表现为公司中过去运转良好的价值观、技能、经营系统和技术系统，或许只能在整体上适用现在的某些项目或某些项目的一些部分。例如在发达国家钢铁行业中，大型钢铁厂及其技术风光一时，然而，随着外部需求的降低及新技术的出现，大型的一体化钢铁生产者常常陷入经营上的困境。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Porter</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的竞争战略理论揭示了对企业利润产生威胁的五种力量，然而由对企业优势的讨论可以得知，产品市场的优势是因为要素市场的不完全所致，所以对企业造成更大危害的是在要素层次上对企业的资源和能力造成破坏。战略学者研究了技术变迁等外部因素对企业资源能力的影响，其中能力摧毁型（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>competence-destroying</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）、颠覆性（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>disruptive</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和整体性（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>architectural</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）技术变革对企业的资源和能力的威胁很大。能力摧毁型技术变革是指一种技术对另一种技术的替代；颠覆性技术变革是指技术领先的企业可能被技术一般的低成本企业挫败；整体性技术变革涉及局部技术进步和系统的优化。因此，这里可以看出，对企业优势的静态分析难于指导企业的跨期发展，今日的优势往往因为技术变革的威胁成为企业明日的劣势。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上论述是资源基础观点之下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析，对优势、劣势、威胁和机会都不再停留在产品市场层次，而是在探究企业产品背后的东西，即企业的资源和能力，从而我们可以更清晰的看出优势、劣势、威胁和机会的相互联系，而不是彼此分割的进行分析。</SPAN></P>
<H3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、认知对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析的影响</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析往往作为战略规划的第一步被广泛的使用，然而利用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析常常产生难以操作的战略选择，因此招致了广泛的批评，这与组织制定战略规划过程中的认知有关，认知涉及心智图码（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>schema</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和抄录（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>scripts</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）存取模式的处理。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Stevenson</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究发现：一个人对其组织优势和劣势的认知，受到其个人而非组织特征的强烈影响，例如在组织中的地位，包括职位的高低、责任的类型、职业背景及工龄等，这些都在很大程度上影响了管理人员对企业当前客观现实状况的评价。职位的高低也影响经理对所需评价组织特征的选择，例如高层经理通常侧重于组织方面，而低层经理更看重财务方面；管理层很少能对公司的优势和劣势精确地达成一致意见，许多的组织特征既是优势也是劣势。识别企业的优势和劣势也受到一些其它因素的影响，例如，情景分析、自我保护和维持现状的需要，以及定义与计算优势和劣势的能力。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Mintzberg</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析为核心的设计学派提出质疑和批评，他认为企业很难事前知道已经建立的能力将会是优势或劣势，优势往往被证明更窄，而劣势更宽。管理层的感觉常常表现出自我服务（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>self-serving</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的归因模式，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Wagner</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Gooding</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的研究结果表明，在处理有关组织绩效的因果两面性信息时，经理们往往将正面的结果归因于组织的优势，而将负面的结果归因于环境的威胁；而在评价其它的组织时，情况则反之。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Glynn</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对组织核心能力的非人格化（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Impersonal</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）做出批评，通过研究发现，组织内群体对组织认同的定义，会影响对核心能力的感知。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>[</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">注：组织认同（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Organizational Identity</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）是清楚地宣称一个组织属于一种特定的类型，当组织内部存在群体冲突时，就组织身份的宣称与反宣称都会努力合法化（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Legitimate</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）自己群体的活动，以朝着有利于自己群体的方式定义公司的能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Selznick</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以一个优秀的造艇厂为例做出说明：该公司对高品质工艺技术非常内行，公司管理层决定扩展低成本快艇业务并大量投产，但是很难改变工人的态度，使他们远离对质量和工艺技术的历史信奉，管理层被迫重新安排快艇生产，并招募一些独立的劳动力，由于组织历史和文化不适应其新任务，这项新的业务失败了。因此，这里员工的认知会限制企业的特异能力（优势）的适用范围，相应地也影响企业战略实施的成功。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果说战略规划者的认知偏差会影响战略规划的制定，那么实施者的认知会影响战略规划的实施。因此，战略规划过程应该考虑如何组织战略规划活动，有效的处理规划过程中的不同认识，并且要考虑战略实施者的认知可能产生的影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">
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<H3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、结语</SPAN></H3>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">优势和劣势总是相对于要做的事而言的，不涉及具体需要解决的问题，优势和劣势往往难以定义，机会与威胁也总是相对于优势与劣势而言的，而企业如果厘清了战略目标，优势与劣势和威胁与机会似乎又趋于明朗化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Lenz</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1980</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）提出战略能力（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>strategic capability</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的概念，描述了战略能力的三个维度，即创造价值的知识和技术基础、一般管理技术、生成及获得资源的能力。用可能妨碍实现战略目标的壁垒作为评价战略能力的标准，从而使战略能力的分析框架很大程度上规避了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的内外和利害区分假定，如果阻挠战略执行的壁垒在未来具有重大意义，那么企业因此而形成的战略就具有动态含义。当然，企业制定战略规划还要考虑战略规划者和实施者的认知。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">盘踞我们的大脑已久，去之如抽丝。如果沿用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分析框架，那么依据其提出问题，仍可引发我们一定的战略思考。然而，如何更好的超脱</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SWOT</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的三项假定，代之一种内外整合、综合分析、动态学习的简明分析框架，有待战略学者进一步思考和探索。</SPAN></P>
<H3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参考文献</SPAN></H3>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 24.1pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">1. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项保华：《战略管理：艺术与实务》（第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">版），华夏出版社，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US>2. </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安德鲁·坎贝尔、凯瑟琳·萨默斯·卢斯编：《核心能力战略——以核心竞争力为基础的战略》，严勇、祝方译，东北财经大学出版社，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">3. Barney JB, (1986), Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy, Management Science, 32(10):1231-1241
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">7. Mintzberg H, (1990), The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, 11(3):171-195.
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">8. Peteraf MA, (1993), The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view, Strategic Management Journal, 14 (3): 179-192. 
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">9. Stevenson H, (1976), Defining Corporate Strengths and Weaknesses, Sloan Management Review, 17:51-58.
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 1.3pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">10. Wagner III JA, Gooding RZ, (1997), Equivocal Information and Attribution: An Investigation of Patterns of Managerial Sensemaking, Strategic Management Journal, 18( 4): 275-286.</SPAN></P>
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<P><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张建东、项保华</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> / </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">载：《企业管理》杂志，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期</SPAN></FONT></P></SPAN>
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   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2472446.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2006 07:32:31 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>世界电信运营商DSL业务发展策略评析</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">全球电信经济于<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年开始回暖复苏，然在诸电信业务成长中，最引人注目的莫过于<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>宽带接入业务，据<span lang="EN-US">Point Topic</span>公布的《全球<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场分析报告》显示，<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年全球<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>线路已达<span lang="EN-US">6380</span>万条，较<span lang="EN-US">2002</span>年增长<span lang="EN-US">78%</span>，呈现出惊人的高增长率。<span lang="EN-US">MIRU</span>认为，这一现象的产生决非偶然，实与世界各主要运营商积极调整业务策略有着至关重要的联系，以下就分地区逐一评析。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（一）<span lang="EN-US">  </span>北美地区</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">AT&amp;T</span></i></b><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">：全力发展电话<span lang="EN-US">/Internet</span>捆绑业务和国际<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>业务</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">为应付地区竞争对手<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Comcast</span>的强劲挑战，<span lang="EN-US">AT&amp;T</span>目前已在堪萨斯、宾夕法尼亚等<span lang="EN-US">25</span>个州完成了将<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>互联网业务捆绑到电话业务的新型通信服务。该服务最大的优点是上网速度快，<span lang="EN-US">384KB/s</span>的上网速率是普通拨号上网速率的<span lang="EN-US">8</span>倍，且捆绑业务可使用户通过一张帐单支付电话及上网费用，比普通收费模式更为方便、快捷。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">此外，鉴于竞争激烈且获利空间日益狭窄的国内市场，<span lang="EN-US">AT&amp;T</span>遂将目光转向了海外以期获得更大的边际效益。经调查，高宽带渗透率的国家用户最有打折电话的实际需求，为此，<span lang="EN-US">AT&amp;T</span>于<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月宣布推出国际<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>服务，允许<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>用户通过互联网拨打市内或长途电话，此举使得<span lang="EN-US">AT&amp;T</span>在全球推广<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>业务方面抢在了其他竞争对手的前面。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">SBC</span></i></b><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">：依靠结盟迅速占领市场</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">2003</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">年，<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>在敷设<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>线路方面比其他任何运营商都快，并且实现了巨额利润增长，进一步拉大了同竞争对手的差距。<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>订户的强劲增长可以归结于公司以下几大举措：<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">透过<span lang="EN-US">YAHOO</span>的门户网站推广<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年，<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>与<span lang="EN-US">YAHOO</span>合资成立宽带业务公司——<span lang="EN-US">SBC YAHOO</span>。该公司根据访问<span lang="EN-US">YAHOO</span>门户网站的人数按百分比向<span lang="EN-US">YAHOO</span>支付费用，而<span lang="EN-US">YAHOO</span>也与其共享广告和电子商务收入。此项合作使得<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>订户超过了<span lang="EN-US">3</span>百万，与<span lang="EN-US">AOL</span>时代华纳公司的订户数量相当。 <span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">与电器连锁店结盟扩大分销渠道。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年底，<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>与<span lang="EN-US">13</span>个州的电器连锁店达成协议，销售<span lang="EN-US">SBC Yahoo!</span>的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>内置安装软件。这些零售商包括<span lang="EN-US">RadioShack, Best Buy, Gateway, Cingular Wireless</span>等世界最大的电器专业连锁店。<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>希望通过扩大销售渠道来提升其市场竞争力。 <span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">通过结盟进入中小企业用户市场。<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>与<span lang="EN-US">INTEL</span>达成协议，通过<span lang="EN-US">INTEL</span>产品经销渠道销售企业版的<span lang="EN-US">SBC YAHOO DSL</span>软件和<span lang="EN-US">SBC </span>数字服务（<span lang="EN-US">DS1</span>）软件。由于捆绑在<span lang="EN-US">INTEL</span>的计算<span lang="EN-US">/</span>通信设备上，<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务也因此进入了美国的中小企业用户市场。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Verizon:</span></i></b><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">开启<span lang="EN-US">SHDSL</span>和<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>业务的双引擎</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">作为<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>在宽带业务上最主要的竞争对手，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>当然不会无视<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>在<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>线路建设上的显赫业绩。不过，与<span lang="EN-US">SBC</span>的策略不同，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon </span>主要以高速率宽带业务和语音增值业务的双引擎推动<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>业务发展。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">抢滩<span lang="EN-US">SHDSL</span>业务市场。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>经<span lang="EN-US">FCC</span>批准成为美国首家开展<span lang="EN-US">SHDSL</span>业务的电信运营商。该业务面对企业用户和<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>提供商，可以提供高达<span lang="EN-US">1.5MB/s</span>的对称传输速率，在解决信号堵塞方面比普通的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>技术更有优势。现在，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>的<span lang="EN-US">SHDSL</span>业务已在哥伦比亚、曼彻斯特等<span lang="EN-US">16</span>个城市和地区推开，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>也因此成为美国国内最早将<span lang="EN-US">SHDSL</span>技术推向市场的领头羊。 <span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">计划拓展<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>业务。根据<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>在<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年底对外宣布的<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>发展蓝图，<span lang="EN-US">Verizon</span>将分两个阶段推广<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>业务：第一阶段始于<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年二季度，结合外包和自建的方式锁定<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>住宅用户市场；第二阶段始于<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年四季度，将业已为大型企业开展的<span lang="EN-US">VOIP</span>服务进一步向中小型企业延伸。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（二）<span lang="EN-US">  </span>欧洲地区</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">英国电信（<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>）：紧盯住宅及中小企业用户市场</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">英国的宽带市场竞争激烈，英国最大的电信运营商<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>主要面临来自两家有线电视运营商的强大竞争。截止到<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月，这两家有线电视运营商拥有英国<span lang="EN-US">44%</span>的宽带用户，对<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>宽带业务的发展构成巨大威胁。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">尽管<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>开始推出<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>业务的动作很慢，但<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>在<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>批发市场已经获得了成功，旗下的<span lang="EN-US">BT Wholesale</span>在赢得用户方面成绩骄人，<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">2</span>月其用户已经突破了<span lang="EN-US">200</span>万户。与批发业务相比，<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>的零售业务却不是很成功，<span lang="EN-US">BT Yahoo!</span>和<span lang="EN-US">BT Openworld</span>只赢得了英国市场<span lang="EN-US">48%</span>的份额，是欧洲主要<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>中市场份额最低的。<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>想要继续增加收入和获利，就必须在批发和零售<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场都获得成功。为此，<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>近期主要通过以下举措抢占<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>零售市场：<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">高网速争取高端住宅用户。<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>从<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月开始，推出一项为期<span lang="EN-US">6</span>个月、上网速率高达<span lang="EN-US">1MB/s</span>的<span lang="EN-US"> ADSL</span>试用服务－<span lang="EN-US">IPStream Home 1000</span>。服务对象锁定住宅宽带使用者。这项专为高速率上网用户推出的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>业务，目前已在用户中拥有强大的需求量。 <span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">为中小企业用户引入<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>宽带服务。基于市场调研结果，<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>也加入到<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>服务行列。<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>和<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>不同，<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>采用专用的电话租借线路，不与其他电信运营商产生服务竞争。因此，<span lang="EN-US">BT</span>正在大力推广<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>业务，现在<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>交换点已达<span lang="EN-US">150</span>个，包括伦敦、考温垂、伯明翰、利物浦、曼彻斯特和谢菲尔德等地。该服务主要瞄准中小企业用户，满足他们需要发送大量数据的要求。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">法国电信（<span lang="EN-US">FT</span>）：结盟打造<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>视频业务平台</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">得益于法国政府<span lang="EN-US">2002</span>年推出的非绑定举措，法国正在快速成为欧洲最具竞争性的宽带市场。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">2003</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月底，法国<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>用户数达到了<span lang="EN-US">350</span>万，<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月底又增长到<span lang="EN-US">410</span>万。然而，在非绑定政策的影响下，竞争性的运营商和<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>争相压低<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务价格，以至于<span lang="EN-US">FT</span>在<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场上的份额逐渐缩小。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年第四季度，<span lang="EN-US">FT</span>旗下的宽带运营公司<span lang="EN-US">Wanadoo</span>的用户数在国内用户总数中的比例下降了<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">为了挽留正在流失的宽带用户，<span lang="EN-US">FT</span>于去年底发起<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>电视战略。欲借法国卫星电视广播台<span lang="EN-US">TPS</span>的节目资源优势，另辟新的增值领域。<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年初，<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>电视服务正式投入运营，播放区域覆盖里昂、巴黎、南特、尼斯、马赛等五个地区。两巨头的目标是到<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年底将服务对象扩充至<span lang="EN-US">3</span>－<span lang="EN-US">4</span>百万户，并到<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年占领法国<span lang="EN-US">10</span>％的宽带付费电视市场。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">德国电信（<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>）：看好高速率宽带用户市场 </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">德国宽带业务市场长期以来一直由<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>独家垄断，<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>目前经营着德国约<span lang="EN-US">90%</span>的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>接入服务。不过，随着德国新电信法的实施，新兴竞争者对于<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>业务的争夺已使<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>的市场份额遭受重创。据<span lang="EN-US">Dialog</span>咨询公司的统计，<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>用户在德国用户总数中的比例已由<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年的<span lang="EN-US">93.5%</span>下降到<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年的<span lang="EN-US">85%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">现阶段，除了与竞争对手就宽带连接服务的批量销售价格条件进行谈判以换取较为宽松的竞争条件之外，<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>把主要精力集中到了高速率<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>业务的推广中。据<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>预测，今后随着多媒体内容服务的增加，高传输速率的宽带业务将成为用户需求的热点，而到<span lang="EN-US">2007</span>年末，德国将会有<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>万用户接入<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务，因此高速率宽带业务前景可期。鉴于此，<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年伊始，尽管受到资金短缺的困扰，<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>旗下的固定业务部门<span lang="EN-US">T-COM</span>仍迫不及待推出完整宽带<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务，允许用户在<span lang="EN-US">1MB/s</span>、<span lang="EN-US">2MB/s</span>和<span lang="EN-US">3MB/s</span>的宽带传输速度间进行选择，其信念之坚定可见一斑。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">西班牙电信（<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica</span>）：全力出击<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>用户市场</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Telefonica </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">目前占据着西班牙宽带互联网市场的主导地位。自<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>起，<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica</span>已投资约<span lang="EN-US">20</span>亿欧元用于西班牙境内<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>线路的敷设。到<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年末，<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica</span>安装的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>高速互联网线路已高达<span lang="EN-US">150</span>多万条，几乎拥有西班牙所有的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>线路。此外，<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica</span>十分关注拉美市场特别是巴西的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>业务。最近一次对巴西固话线路的投资高达<span lang="EN-US">3</span>亿美元，其中的部分资金将用于扩大巴西<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>的覆盖面。<span lang="EN-US"> </span>据报道，到<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年，<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica </span>投资在<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>上的资金将达到<span lang="EN-US">21</span>亿至<span lang="EN-US">44</span>亿欧元之间。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">为了在宽带网接入业务方面与国内的有线电视运营商<span lang="EN-US">ONO</span>和<span lang="EN-US">AUNA</span>展开竞争，<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica</span>在<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年底准备推出<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>付费电视服务，届时用户将可以通过<span lang="EN-US">Telefonica </span>的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>线路享受互联网、电视和电话三位一体的服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">（三）<span lang="EN-US">  </span>亚太地区</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">NTT</span></i></b><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">：由<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>业务转向超高速宽带接入业务</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">NTT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">是日本最大的电信运营商，拥有全日本<span lang="EN-US">90%</span>以上的固定电话线路。在当初没有竞争对手的情况下，<span lang="EN-US">NTT</span>倾向于推广其<span lang="EN-US">ISDN</span>接入方式，然后直接进入光纤接入时代，未曾预想<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>有如此大的发展前景，所以一开始并不关注<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>接入市场。之后，随着<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>在日本的飞速发展，用户数量大幅提高，<span lang="EN-US">NTT</span>被迫应战介入<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>业务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">但是最近，由于日本政府着重发展“超高速”的宽带接入方式（包括<span lang="EN-US">FTTH</span>、<span lang="EN-US">CATV</span>等），<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>的优势地位似乎有所动摇，用户增长率亦开始下降。为了迎合这种“高速化”发展趋势，同时也为了扭转在宽带接入领域不利的局势，<span lang="EN-US">NTT</span>于最近一段时间内陆续推出了两项超高速宽带接入服务——光纤视频服务和<span lang="EN-US">VDSL</span>服务。前一项业务已于<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年底推出，它的传输速率高达<span lang="EN-US">6MB/s</span>，<span lang="EN-US">10</span>倍于普通<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>线路；后一项业务于<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年<span lang="EN-US">5</span>月推出，上行链路和下行链路的速率分别达到<span lang="EN-US">100MB/s</span>和<span lang="EN-US">35MB/s</span>。<span lang="EN-US">NTT</span>希望藉此可以重振其日益萎缩的宽带接入服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">韩国电信（<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>）<span lang="EN-US">:</span>以内容服务吸引宽带用户</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">KT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">是韩国最大的<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>运营商，其<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场占有率高达<span lang="EN-US">79.3%</span>，几乎主导五分之四的韩国<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场。至于韩国第二大<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>运营商<span lang="EN-US">Hanaro</span>仅占<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场份额的<span lang="EN-US">18%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">然而，面对日益饱和的宽带业务市场，<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>认识到只有当<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>提供的业务和应用不能由窄带拨号接入提供，且这些应用对用户具备一定的吸引力时，用户才会考虑使用<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>接入。因此，<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>大力引入了宽带内容服务，比如在线游戏、在线音乐下载、在线视频和电子商务等。目前，<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>承载的在线股票交易量占整个韩国股票交易量的三分之二；<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>推广的在线游戏、聊天室和即时消息已经是其青年文化中十分流行的一部分。更有甚者，<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>目前还充当了韩国<span lang="EN-US">8</span>家游戏制造商在全球发布游戏的代理商。显而易见，<span lang="EN-US">KT</span>提供的特色内容服务是其<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>市场高速增长的直接驱动力。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">电讯盈科（<span lang="EN-US">PCCW</span>）：介入宽带付费电视业务发展</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">PCCW</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">在香港宽带业务市场中处于垄断地位。香港现有的<span lang="EN-US">30</span>家<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>，其中绝大多数租用<span lang="EN-US">PCCW</span>提供的宽带业务。<span lang="EN-US">PCCW </span>批发给这些<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>共有<span lang="EN-US">31</span>万条线路，包括<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>、<span lang="EN-US">ATM</span>、<span lang="EN-US">FTTB</span>等宽带业务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">近期，<span lang="EN-US">PCCW</span>正式加入宽带付费电视业务的行列。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月推出的宽带付费电视业务采用互联网多点播放技术，具有价格低廉和<span lang="EN-US">DVD</span>画质等优点，<span lang="EN-US">PCCW</span>希望借此吸引住现有的<span lang="EN-US">48</span>万户<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>接入用户。但不可否认，<span lang="EN-US">PCCW</span>必将面临三家宽带付费电视业务提供商<span lang="EN-US">i-cable</span>通信、城市通信和星光国际网络的强有力的竞争。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">新加坡电信（<span lang="EN-US">SingTel</span>）：提供低速向高速切换的宽带增值服务</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><p /></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">SingTel</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">的国内宽带市场占有份额约在<span lang="EN-US">60</span>％。但在去年，<span lang="EN-US">SingTel</span>的宽带用户数急剧扩展，已突破<span lang="EN-US">10</span>万户大关，比上年增长了一倍多。这主要应归功于公司旗下的互联网服务部门<span lang="EN-US">SingNet</span>在<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月份推出的<span lang="EN-US">Singnet</span>宽带上网服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">这项专为满足高速率上网用户需求而设计的“<span lang="EN-US">1500kbps</span>带宽随心”服务，最诱人之处在于可以实现普通宽带服务和高速宽带服务之间的自由切换，即目前使用<span lang="EN-US">SingTel</span>的<span lang="EN-US">256kbps</span>或者<span lang="EN-US">512kbps</span>服务的宽带用户，通过登录指定的界面，就可以切换到<span lang="EN-US">1500kbps</span>的高速宽带服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">以上综述了各运营商在<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>业务上的一些核心发展及调整策略。当然，为吸引<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>宽带用户，运营商采取的举措远不止这些，像发展增值业务、资费调整、线路扩张、网络提速等这里就不再赘述，仅拣取一些较为典型的事件汇总如表<span lang="EN-US">1</span>所示。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体"> <p /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><font face="宋体">表<span lang="EN-US"> 1</span>：<b>各电信运营商<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>发展举措</b><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p><table class="MsoNormalTable" style="WIDTH: 98%; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="98%" border="1"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="21%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">举 措<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">典型事件<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="21%" rowspan="3"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">发展增值业务<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">DT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">为商业用户提供新型的互联网连接设备，可以通过<span lang="EN-US">DT</span>的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>网络接入<span lang="EN-US">768/128KB/s</span>或<span lang="EN-US">1536/192KB/s</span>宽带网络。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SBC YAHOO</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">！推出针对中小型企业的<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>增值服务，包括电子商务、电子邮件等在内的强大的在线工具。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">与交通运输通信和系统工程供应商<span lang="EN-US">ARI NC</span>结盟，为全球旅游业提供包括<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>在内的高速控制网络服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="21%" rowspan="3"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">资费调整<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">FT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">从<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月<span lang="EN-US">1</span>日到<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月<span lang="EN-US">31</span>日为<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>提供免费接入<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">NTT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">从<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">11</span>月<span lang="EN-US">1</span>日起降低其<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>网络服务和<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>电话服务的月收费。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">NTT West</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">自<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月<span lang="EN-US">1</span>日起对光纤视频服务和<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>服务打折。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="21%" rowspan="3"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">网络提速<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">FT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">的<span lang="EN-US">SDSL</span>于<span lang="EN-US">2004</span>年初面市，可把原来<span lang="EN-US">2KB/s</span>的速度提升到<span lang="EN-US">4KB/s</span>，到<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年可提升到<span lang="EN-US">6KB/s</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Telefonica</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">计划在价格不变得前提下将目前的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>速度由<span lang="EN-US">256KB/s</span>提高到<span lang="EN-US">512KB/s</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Verizon</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">宣布将<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务的上行速度提升<span lang="EN-US">3</span>倍，由现在的<span lang="EN-US">128 KB/s</span>提高到<span lang="EN-US">384 KB/s</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" width="21%" rowspan="4"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><font face="宋体">线路扩张<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></font></span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">FT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">在<span lang="EN-US">2003-2005</span>年间，将投资<span lang="EN-US">7</span>亿欧元扩大<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>覆盖率。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SBC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">计划扩张其<span lang="EN-US">DSL</span>服务到美国西南部地区。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Telefonica</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">计划扩大在巴西的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>覆盖率。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 78%; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" valign="top" width="78%"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">计划到<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年将<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>服务范围扩展至全国。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">资料来源：<span lang="EN-US">MIRU</span>整理<span lang="EN-US"> 2004.8</span></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2472449.html">企业战略管理和竞争情报</a> 2006-05-15</div><div><a href="/logs/2208949.html">欧洲宽带培植转型基因</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203138.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203051.html">Still ripping us off after all these years</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2202927.html">全球宽带调查报告</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2208951.html&title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5%E5%95%86DSL%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E8%AF%84%E6%9E%90">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/sejie?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=sejie" target="_blank">色界频道——这里有顶尖的摄影大师，也有摄影爱好者，他们用相机收纳大千世界。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2208951.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2006 06:55:59 +0800</pubDate>
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  <item>
   <title>欧洲宽带培植转型基因</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="564" border="0"><tbody><tr><td class="font_blue_14px" align="center" colspan="3"><!--标题结束--></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td class="font_content" align="left" width="10" rowspan="1">  </td><td class="font_content" align="left" width="552"><p>王冀 </p><p>　　近几年，欧洲宽带市场得到了快速发展，诸如在线音乐等许多新兴业务陆续出现，成为运营商新的赢利增长点。依托高速宽带的CP和SP也迅速壮大，并反过来迫使运营商加紧升级网络。而德国电信等运营商也正在酝酿向使用高速宽带的CP和SP收费，以缓解自身的资金压力。 </p><p><strong>高速成长的市场</strong> </p><p>　　欧洲的宽带上网近年出现了强劲增长的态势，增长速度超过了亚洲和北美。2005年6月，研究机构Telecom Paper发布调查报告称，截至2005年第一季度，欧洲的互联网宽带用户已经达到4795万元，第一次超过了美国的4753万元，成为全球第二大宽带市场。 </p><p>　　IDC最新的研究报告也显示，欧洲的宽带普及率将持续增长。2009年以前，欧洲宽带普及率将达到46%，在某些国家，比如瑞典、瑞士和比利时，普及率将高达60%。宽带业务的快速发展已形成一个巨大的市场。普华永道预测，2005年欧洲用户用于宽带接入的费用可达240亿美元，而到2008年会提高到420亿美元。 </p><p>　　更为重要的是，宽带用户人数的增加，使欧洲各运营商受益良多。比如德国电信和英国电信的宽带用户的增长速度远远超过了他们的预期；法国电信2004年的宽带用户数增长了65%，2005年3月已经达到了340万人，当季宽带业务收入达到了4.1亿美元；在荷兰，宽带普及率更是达到了47%，主要运营商KPN最近一个财政季度的宽带收入同比增长了51%，达到了1.31亿美元。 </p><p><strong>催生新业务</strong> </p><p>　　欧洲宽带的快速发展推动了新兴业务的出现。位于伦敦的大陆研究公司称，当英国用户从拨号向宽带升级时，有一半的人是用于下载音乐、使用即时通信工具或是在线拍卖等活动。同时，在线广播和在线游戏的用户人数也增加了三倍多，而宽带用户进行在线购物的人数也攀升了40%。雅虎欧洲部门的负责人Nick Hazell称：“宽带改变了用户的购物习惯，过去不可能的，今天已变为了现实。” </p><p>　　在宽带的带动下，专门从事音乐、游戏和赌博等业务的CP和SP迅速成长。同时，在线音乐网站的销售收入也创历史新高。譬如德国电信公司的T-Online，其音乐下载服务已有客户150万人，每个月的下载量超过了100万次。苹果电脑公司的iTunes音乐服务已在欧洲的16个国家推广。市场研究机构Forrester预测，到2008年，欧洲市场的在线音乐业务将达24亿美元的规模。 </p><p>　　此外，宽带业务也推动了电子商务的发展。eBay英国分公司的分类业务主管Richard Ambrose称，登陆eBay网站的宽带用户消费是其他用户的两倍多。而最主要的动力是丰富的图像和声音片断。有些网站提供3D图像，比如在英国的findaproperty.com上提供虚拟财产旅行业务。位于意大利米兰的Yoox.com则出售打折的时尚服装，允许用户进行定制。该网站的CEO Gabriele Tazzari称，用户十分喜爱这种交互式的活动。 </p><p>　　这种交互式的活动，也推动了在线广告业务的发展。电影分销商、电话公司、汽车制造商以及其他的公司，利用宽带的高速优势，在旗帜广告中加入了动画、音乐甚至是视频内容。据DoubleClick公司2004年的统计发现，“富媒体”旗帜广告的点击率是静态广告点击率的近两倍多。普华永道预测，到2008年，宽带的加速普及将使欧洲的在线广告收入达到80亿美元。 </p><p><strong>产业链上的博弈</strong> </p><p>　　高速宽带的快速发展也对传统电信业务造成了冲击。当用户使用宽带时，他们都会使用VoIP(互联网语音电话)进行交流。欧洲主要VoIP服务提供商Skype目前在全球的订户已达到了4700万，其中有82%是宽带用户。而Skype的竞争对手、美国的Vonage也于2005年5月在英国推出了月租为17.50美元的全时段语音电话服务。 </p><p>　　为应对VoIP带来的挑战，诸如英国电信、法国电信等运营商开始在服务中推出了打包的VoIP服务，以阻止其对传统语音服务的渗透。据市场研究机构IDC的分析，到2008年，欧洲市场的网络电话规模将达到42亿美元。普华永道门罗公园市欧洲技术中心的主管GregH.Garrison称：“宽带业务将成为电信业的杀手锏”。 </p><p>　　另一方面，欧洲运营商也在试图从快速增长的宽带业务中找到新的经营模式，其中之一是向大量占用带宽的CP(互联网内容提供商)收取一定的费用。欧洲运营商正在讨论对在线零售商Amazon.com、在线拍卖商eBay等公司在互联网上提供服务收费的问题。德国电信公司的首席执行官Kai-Uwe Ricke于2月中旬表示，Google等互联网内容提供商应当为使用高速宽带互联网掏腰包。 </p><p>　　Ricke认为，“这些CP需要网络基础设施。目前，德国电信计划投资30亿欧元在德国境内建设一个速度超快的宽带网络，其速度足以在互联网上传播高清电视节目，但其他公司却从中得利，这种情况再也不能继续下去了，只有雅虎等内容提供商为使用高速网络付费才是公平的。”事实上，美国也在进行相似的讨论，一些运营商表示，他们可能会对下载电影等需要使用更快的专用互联网服务收取更高的费用，但用户的基本服务还是能够得到保证。 </p><p>　　市场人士分析认为，一旦收费计划变为现实，将对CP的经营模式构成影响，同时也强化了传统运营商对宽带业务的依赖，有助于他们加快自身的转型。 </p></td></tr></tbody></table><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2522695.html">Introduction of Strategy Management</a> 2006-05-22</div><div><a href="/logs/2208908.html">　解读新西兰电信</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203123.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2202927.html">全球宽带调查报告</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2199470.html">Wal-Mart Strategy Plan</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2208949.html&title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%BD%E5%B8%A6%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/fengshang?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=fengshang" target="_blank">风尚频道——国内顶尖的时尚族群汇聚于此，未必是流行，但一定要有品位。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2208949.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2006 06:51:46 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>三网合一</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<STRONG><FONT color=#2e2e6b size=2>文章阐述三网合一的技术基础，TCP/IP协议在技术上为三网融合发展奠定了坚实的基础。 </FONT></STRONG>
<P><FONT size=2><FONT color=#2e2e6b><STRONG>摘 要 文章阐述三网合一的技术基础，TCP/IP协议在技术上为三网融合发展奠定了坚实的基础。 IPTV，VOIP的应用充分肯定了三网合一的优势，技术的发展与不断更新，社会的发展表明电信网、因特网、电视网三网合一是网络发展的必然趋势。<BR></STRONG><BR>　　21世纪是网络技术发展最活跃的时期，随着信息技术的飞速发展，人们的生活方式及工作方式都发生了很大变化，越来越需要多样化的服务。电信网、计算机网、电视网三大行业都在寻找更大的市场空间，因特网不断向传统电信业务渗透，有线电视公司也想提供电话和因特网接入，因此，电信网、因特网、电视网三网合一是网络发展的必然趋势。<BR><BR>　　一、三网合一的概念<BR><BR>　　所谓三网合一是指现有的电信网络，计算机网络以及广播电视网络相互融合，逐渐形成一个统一的网络系统，由一个全数字化的网络设施来支持包括数据、话音和视像在内的所有业务的通信。<BR><BR>　　1、电信网络主要是能在任意两个用户之间实现一对一的、双向的、实时的连接。通常使用的是电路交换网络系统，用户之间可以实时地交换话音、传真或数据等各种信息。这种通信方式的个人化和实时性是非常明显的，但是每个用户都占用了一个单独的通信线路或信道，大大的占用了现有的通信系统资源。<BR><BR>　　2、广播电视网是将一个信息源以单向、实时及一点对多点的方式连接到众多的用户，由于广播所采用的是一点对多点的方式，众多用户共享一个信道，不涉及任何交换技术，用户只能在当时被动地选择是否接收此种信息(主要是语音和图像的广播)。<BR><BR>　　3、因特网的连接方式和它所能提供的业务，则是在上述两种极端的情况之间实现了所有的可能。在因特网中，用户之间的连接可以是一对一的，也可以是一点对多点的。用户之间的通信在某种情况下可以认为是实时的，而在大多数情况下都是非实时的，采用的是存储转发的方式，通信方式可以是双向交互式的，也可以是单向的。因特网主要采用TCP/IP协议，用户也是共享通信系统的资源，正是因特网这种灵活的通信功能，才得以快速发展，使人们考虑建立真正的信息高速公路——高速宽带信息网络。<BR><BR>　　二、三网合一的技术<BR><BR>　　1、三网合一的技术基础<BR><BR>　　技术作为推动人类社会文明、改造自然促进社会进步及各种创新思想的力量源泉，其创新过程历经三个阶段;第一是一个可行的创新思想，第二是它的实际应用，第三是它在社会上推广。技术是生产力系统中最活跃的要素，其自身强化循环的加速，原于其自身的创新，是推动社会文明、经济发展的动力。进入21世纪，知识将左右人们的未来，随着信息时代的到来和面对知识经济的挑战，信息产业将进入全面竞争的时代，网络的最终融合已是大势所趋。光电技术的发展为三网合一奠定了重要的技术基础，是三网合一的推动力。<BR><BR>　　(1)数字技术的迅速发展和全面应用使语音、数据、图像信号都可以通过统一的编码进行传输和交换，所有的业务在网络中将成为统一的0/1比特流。<BR><BR>　　(2)光通信技术的发展为综合传输各种信息业务提供了必要的带宽和媒体，光纤网是传输三网业务最理想的物理平台。随着宽带技术的创新，光纤用户环路(FITL)、光纤至路边(FTTC)、光纤到户(FTTH)、光纤到大楼(FTTB)、光纤到小区(FTTZ)等接入网得以实现，使得光纤传输网可以覆盖到地球的每一个角落，为应用提供了广阔的平台。<BR><BR>　　(3)软件技术的发展使得三大网及其终端都能通过软件变得最终支持各种用户的特性功能和业务。<BR><BR>　　(4)统一的TCP/IP协议是三网都能接受的，也是唯一的三网都能接受的通信协议，故得以普及应用使得各种以IP为基础的业务都能在不同网上实现互通。TCP/IP协议是70年代未由美国国防部组织开发的，目的是将LAN和WAN两个计算机网络互联起来，经过发展和完善，现已成为国际互联网的一种通信协议。现在TCP/IP协议已经成为人类首次具有的为三大网都能接受的通信协议，TCP/IP从技术上为三网合一奠定了坚实的基础。<BR><BR>　　(5)波复用技术WDM的应用，使得在一根光纤中同时传输多个波长的光信号它通过更有效地利用光纤带宽资源从理论上将光纤全部可用频段增加至约300GHz，为无线通信全部可用频段(30GHz)的十倍。明显地提高了系统传输容量。为了充分利用原有光缆系统，而不需要花巨资铺设新光缆，采用WDM技术是实现原有光缆系统最大限度扩容的有效方法。按传统的时分复用TDM技术，光缆系统的传输容量几乎已到极限(10Gb/s)，再提高将遇到很大困难。而采用WDM方式传输容量随着光电技术的进步，可以几倍至几十倍的增加，每个密集波分复用DWDM的通道(一个波长)上可以传输的速率可高达2.5Gb/s至10Gb/s波长数可达几十至几百个。<BR><BR>　　2、三网合一的综合业务平台<BR><BR>　　展望21世纪通信网发展的大趋势，三网合一的通信网络将是一个覆盖全球、功能强大、业务齐全的信息服务网络，即为全球一体化的综合宽带多媒体通信网采用超大容量光导纤维构成地面的骨干网，而这一网络结构应是一个统一完整的结合体系，为全球任一地点，采用任何终端的用户提供综合的语音、数字、图像等多种服务。而这一全球网络将是以IP协议为基础，所有网络将向以IP为基本协议的分组网统一。因特网的广泛业务诸如电子邮件、文件传输、远程登录、全球WWW浏览已使因特网成为人们广为利用的网络技术，而未来的网络是集语音、数据文字、图像视频于一体的综合网络，因特网是实现这一网络综合化的基础，也是实现三网合一的综合业务平台，而建设信息高速公路系统，在今天已成为发达国家经济发展的源动力。对如何构成高速数据传输链路IP主干网，已成为当今信息传输领域的焦点。<BR><BR>　　3、三网合一的接入网技术<BR><BR>　　近年来，高速大容量的同步数字系列(SDH)光纤通信系统以及波分复用密集技术的成熟，已能满足当前高速宽带通信的要求，而逐渐成熟的ATM交换技术又为宽带综合业务交换奠定了良好基础。宽带接入网络在采用了光纤/同轴电缆混合(HFC)拓外网络以后，技术上取得了很大的发展，它可以通过一个HFC接入网，同时向用户提供电话、数据和视频图像等综合业务。目前HFC接入网技术已逐步成熟，提供的业务除了电话、模拟广播电视业务外，还可提供窄带ISDN业务、高速数据通信业务、数字视频点播(NVOD)和其他各种高速信息服务业务，它以足够的带宽较好的解决了传输瓶颈问题。即使到了数字电视时代，HFC宽带多媒体接入网仍能以进一步降低每个光结点覆盖的用户数量，增加业务灵活，适应性好，带宽资源丰富，开展高速数据业务和数字电视业务，价廉质优的特点而具很大的竞争力。这种新HFC接入网与传统的双绞线用户网相比较，其网络基建管理、维护成本的降低和运营效率的提高都很可观，它也以最大限度地满足近期广大用户对电话、数据、有线电视等业务飞速增长的需求。<BR><BR>　　同时，HFC不仅仅是用光纤取代了同轴电缆，而且引进了一种新的拓朴结构、节点结构。这种结构使网络很容易向各个小区提供交换服务。这样三网合一并不是原来的简单延伸，而是将开拓出一个以IP为基础的新一代电信网络，提供IP电话、视频点播、交互式游戏、远程教育、电子商务、远程医疗等应用。</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=2><FONT size=3>三、三网合一的应用<BR><BR>　　1、IPTV的应用<BR><BR>　　(1)IPTV技术概述<BR><BR>　　目前，IPTV系统技术已陆续开始被世界各大电信运营商大规模采用和部署。在国外，美国的VERIZON、SBC和QUEST电话公司、加拿大的贝尔加拿大公司、MANITOBA电话公司和SASKTEL电话公司、欧洲的法国电信、意大利电信、SWISSCOM和TELEFONICA等都已开展了IP电视的商业和技术试验或商业运营。法国电信、MANITOBA电话公司和SASKTEL电话公司已分别有了10万、2万和1.75万IP电视用户。在国内，中国电信在广东和上海、中国网通在北京和东北分别开展了基于宽带ADSL接入网络的IPTV运营试验。<BR><BR>　　IPTV技术是一项系统技术。它能使音视频内容节目或信号，以IP包的方式，在不同物理网络中，被安全、有效且保质地传送或分发给不同用户。它包括音视频编解码技术、音视频服务器和存储阵列技术、IP单播和组播技术、IP QoS技术、IP信令技术(如SIP技术)、内容分送网络(CDN)技术、数字版权管理(DRM)技术、IP机顶盒与EPG技术、用户管理和收费系统技术等。它还涉及各种不同的宽带接入网络技术，如Cable Modem网络技术、以太网络技术和ADSL网络技术等等。<BR><BR>　　IPTV系统技术能用来提供将视音频流媒体节目，如IP电视节目，从节目中心(first mile)播出，并通过骨干网、城域网和宽带接入网(last mile)传输，直到被用户接收之端到端的完整技术解决方案。一个端到端的IPTV系统一般具有节目采集、存储和服务、节目传送、用户终端设备和相关软件等五个功能部件。<BR><BR></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P><BR><BR><FONT color=#2e2e6b><FONT size=2>　　图1为IPTV端到端的系统网络架构，IPTV前端一般具有和完成节目采集与存储和服务二种功能。节目采集包含节目的接收(如从卫星、CATV网、地面无线和IP/ATM网络等)、节目的压缩编码或变换编(transcoding)及格式化、加密和DRM打包、以及节目生成等。节目存储和服务则完成对经节目采集程序处理后生成的节目之大规模存储或播送服务。这里的播送服务不仅要将加密的视音频流媒体节目，以IP单播或组播的方式，从视频服务器播送出去，而且还要对用户或用户终端设备的进行认证(authentication)，并从DRM授权/密钥服务器(DRM license server)，向被认证的用户或用户终端设备传送DRM授权/密钥，使用户能够对已接收的加密视音频流媒体节目进行解密和播放。IPTV所使用的DRM技术，与传统的条件接收技术相比，具有二个基本的不同之处。其一是，前者是对视音频流媒体内容本身进行加密，而后者是对连接/传输层如MPEG2系统复用层/流的加密;其二是，前者的DRM授权/密钥一般不与被加密的视音频流媒体节目流一起传送，而后者的密钥如ECM必须与被加密的视音频流媒体节目流一起传送。IPTV系统的节目传送功能是由IP骨干网、IP城域网、有线电视前端或电信中心站、以及相应的宽带接入网络完成的。对以IP单播或组播方式发送的视音频流媒体节目流进行路由交换传输，是IP骨干网和IP城域网在IPTV系统网络中要发挥的基本功能。一般而言，IP骨干网和IP城域网现有的路由器可以很容易地支持各种不同的IP单播路由协议，但它们的许多必须通过升级方能支持IP组播路由交换。目前，各设备厂家普遍支持的IP组播协议是IGMPv2。为了保证所传送的IPTV节目流的质量和实时收看性，IP骨干网和IP城域网通常要采用各种不同的IP QoS技术，如Diffserv和MPLS等。此外，为了提高对IPTV节目流点播的响应和传输实时性，以及解决或减缓IPTV点播请求之冲击性和波动性对IPTV前端设计容量所造成的压力，IP骨干网和IP城域网上普遍采用了内容分送网络技术。IP骨干网和IP城域网也可以采用不同的低层物理网，以IP over SDH/SONET(即packet over SDH/SONET)、IP over ATM 或 IP over DWDM optical (如千兆/万兆光以太网)的方式提供传输服务。有线电视前端或电信中心站则根据相应的宽带接入网络，如Cable Modem网络或DSL网络，将IP视音频流媒体节目流以IP over DOCSIS或IP over DSL的方式，通过放在有线电视前端的CMTS鉴定或电信中心站的DSLAM设备，向用户发送出去。有线电视前端或电信中心站还往往配备有视音频流媒体节目流内容服务器和DRM授权/密钥服务器，具有节目存储和服务功能。<BR><BR>　　IPTV用户终端设备被用来接收、存储和播放及转发IP视音频流媒体节目。基本型IPTV用户终端设备的硬件没有内置cable modem 或DSL modem，它只提供一个以太网接口，与外部的cable modem 、DSL modem或以太网HUB相接。集成式的IPTV用户终端设备则内置cable modem 或DSL modem，可与cable modem 或DSL 宽带网络直接相连。高端IPTV用户终端设备还带有内置硬盘，可以提供IPTV DVR功能，甚至支持IEEE802.11无线联网功能,能将受DRM保护的IP视音频流媒体节目通过无线传输给其它设备,如PC机等。一个IPTV用户终端设备必须带有IPTV系统所使用的DRM技术之客户端软件。为了使IPTV系统成为一个开放式的业务平台，IPTV用户终端设备通常还使用了中间件软件。EPG、用户管理、媒体资产管理、收费及各种应用业务的相关软件也是IPTV系统之必须具有的部件。</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#2e2e6b><FONT color=#000000>(2)、IPTV技术应用的主要商业模式<BR><BR>　　目前，IPTV技术的应用已有二种主要的商业模式。<BR><BR>　　一种商业模式是，网络运营商利用IPTV系统技术提供的全套电视业务。它们既提供IPTV VOD业务，又提供频道化的IPTV节目。它们提供的IPTV业务可含盖目前有线电视业务之广播式节目频道业务与VOD节目业务的全部功能，能够对有线电视业务构成全面而直接的竞争。不仅如此，它们还将IPTV业务与它们提供的语音和宽带数据业务进行捆绑销售，利用已有的语音和宽带数据业务对新的IPTV业务提供价格补贴和支持。它们对IPTV业务的收费方式一般是，对“广播式”节目频道业务按月收费，而对IPTV VOD业务则按片及收看之时间段长短或次数收费。这些网络运营商主要是一些大的电话公司。它们大多基于它们已有的DSL网络，采用IP单播和IP组播相结合的方式，提供这些IPTV业务。此外，一些大的电话公司和新兴的网络运营商也在铺设和利用无源千兆光网络及IPTV系统技术向用户提供视频、宽带数据、VoIP电话三合一业务，如美国的VERIZON电话公司和FTTH Communications公司就分别在TEXAS州的Keller城和MINNESOTA州的Minneapolis城以这种方式提供IPTV业务。<BR><BR>　　另一种商业模式，是第三方利用IPTV系统技术，以“over-the-top”方式，向宽带用户提供的IPTV VOD业务。所谓“over-the-top”方式就是，第三方在不同的宽带接入网络之上，如Cable Modem网络或DSL网络或光以太网，向宽带用户提供IPTV业务。这样的第三方一般必须建立自己的IPTV前端，并将其IPTV前端连接到因特互联网上，或与相应网络运营商的网相连。用户可用PC机或IP STB，通过他们所用的宽带接入网络，向IPTV前端点播和下载IPTV节目，然后在PC机上或电视机上收看所点播的IPTV节目。带有硬盘DVR功能的IP STB还能根据用户的喜好自动请求下载IPTV节目，以供用户点播收看。此外，IPTV前端也能根据用户的喜好，主动向用户的带有DVR功能的IP STB推送IPTV节目。这样的第三方可能是两种不同类型的公司之一。一种是节目制作商或与其相关联的公司，如美国的Movielink或CinemaNOW等。这类公司的IPTV收费方式一般是按片或按月收费。另一种是拥有IP STB技术并提供IP STB盒的新兴高技术公司，如美国的Akimbo。这类公司的IPTV收费方式虽也按片或月收费，但多以靠卖IP STB为主，为此，它们除向用户收取IP STB费用以外，还向用户提供收取节目费用，用户在产品的寿命期内可无限制地收看IPTV节目，如Akimbo的用户在花230美金购买IP STB后，只要一次性地交199美金即可无限制地收看Akimbo的IPTV节目。<BR><BR>　　(3)、IPTV主要运营模式及分析<BR><BR>　　IPTV业务运营模式目前有三种:一是自营模式，运营商自己购买电视节目播映权、整<BR><BR>　　合一些电视节目或者购买其他内容供应商的节目，利用自己的传输线路传送给客户;二是出租模式，运营商可以将自己的IPTV线路出租给不同的客户，比如内容提供商、广告商、贸易商或者极具个性化的供应商;三是综合模式，运营商可以同时经营电视节目和出租线路。运营商和各种内容服务商建立一种风险共担、利润共享的合作模式，共同做大IPTV业务市场。根据市场调查显示，视频点播、信息服务、通信服务和互动游戏是用户最感兴趣的业务，其中视频点播以电影、电视剧为主，信息服务以社会、体育、财经、彩票为主，互动游戏以休闲类、益智类、对抗类游戏为主，远程教育以时尚、烹饪、职业教育为主。<BR><BR>　　由于IPTV业务不仅仅是运营商宽带流媒体应用系统的扩充，而且是未来基于IP承载网络数字电视的宽带运营平台。从IP宽带承载网和应用系统现状两方面分析，技术难点主要存在于:现有的IP宽带网络如何承载IPTV业务;现有的流媒体、CDN、VNET系统如何与IPTV新业务平台融合。同时IPTV业务很大程度上颠覆了传统电视用户对电视娱乐的消费和使用习惯。因此运营的难度较大，可以考虑如下实施建议:<BR><BR>　　设计有利于业务壮大的商业模式。IPTV与互联网模式不同，电信运营商是IPTV业务的门户，是IPTV业务产业链的核心。但IPTV业务的发展需要有个性化的频道、丰富的业务内容去吸引用户。这就需要产业链中的企业合理定位自己的业务，建立合理的价值分配体系和合理的商业模式。对比电信运营商的宽带门户和ICP门户，我们发现，运营商在品牌包装、网站运营、信息的加工、内容整合上不如专业的ICP。如果电信运营商通过把部分频道外包给专业的ICP或成立IPTV内容运营公司，同时与服务商达成共赢的利润分配模式，在合作政策上保持相对的稳定性，建立科学的激励和惩罚机制等，将能更有效地推动IPTV业务的发展。<BR><BR>　　降低机顶盒的采购成本。机顶盒价格高是制约用户使用IPTV的一个重要原因，为了提高用户的使用率，运营商作为产业链的主导，应该与机顶盒厂商一起努力降低机顶盒成本。具体而言，应该充分研究不同价格体系下的用户需求，明确IPTV用户发展目标，根据目标需求量，通过规模化采购，降低机顶盒的单位成本。可以通过招标的方式，选择二三家厂商进行合作，这样既保证对厂商的平均采购量，又在一定程度上控制了因单个厂商的质量问题带来的风险。同时在这种采购模式下，机顶盒厂商为了获得合作机会，也必然通过内部努力控制、降低成本，保证自己的竞争优势。<BR><BR>　　降低或转移用户的一次性投入费用。IPTV业务的终端有机顶盒和键盘，但对IPTV最核心的是机顶盒的发展。在业务发展初期，用户规模小，终端的产量、销量就低;产出规模小，终端的价格就高，这是完全符合产品市场发展规律的。但是对于电信与广电的竞争，谁先拥有用户谁将处于竞争的优势地位。因此，无论是电信还是广电，除了采取措施降低机顶盒成本外，建立机顶盒有效营销模式对推动IPTV业务发展也非常重要。降低用户使用IPTV业务的门槛，能较迅速地扩大IPTV业务接入率、培养用户的使用习惯，最终提高用户对IPTV业务的使用率。<BR><BR>　　采取有竞争性的营销策略。分析目前IPTV业务的竞争环境，快速渗透是IPTV业务最重要的市场策略。谁先拥有用户，谁将占据竞争的有利形势。合理地定位目标市场，采用有效的市场营销策略，将可以更快地推动IPTV业务用户的增长。这就要求运营者在目标市场的细分和定位、业务发展、资费和渠道上紧贴用户实际需求，并根据自身资源情况制订出切实可行且可赢利的营销策略。<BR><BR>　　(4)、总述<BR><BR>　　IPTV作为跨电信行业与广电行业的新的应用，有着相当广阔的市场前景。一方面，我国的电信行业随着人们需求的发展，已经快速进入宽带时代，宽带已经逐步开始融入社会生活的各个层面，而IPTV就是在现有电信宽带网络上将视频媒体融合到电信业务中最佳的技术。IPTV的规模性应用，能够极大地推动我国宽带应用市场的发展，使我国的宽带信息化建设走在国际领先的位置，能够对区域性经济产生巨大的推动作用。另一方面，媒体内容和应用的丰富从某种程度上直接反映了区域性社会生活的质量，而IPTV正是一种能够将传统媒体转变成全新的互动式的个性化需求体验的技术。总之，基于IPTV系统的电信行业与媒体行业的融合，必将产生一个新的融合性行业，一个巨大的网络电视产业即将诞生。</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#2e2e6b><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>2、VOIP的应用<BR><BR>　　2.1、VOIP的基本概念与原理<BR><BR>　　VoIP又称IP电话或IP网络电话，是Voice over IP的缩写，是建立在Internet 上的新型数字化传输技术，随着Internet 在全球范围内的兴起和语音编码技术的发展，VoIP获得了突破性的进展和实际应用，而且正在逐步占领传统电话业务的市场。这种技术利用TCP/ IP协议簇在IP网上传送具有一定服务质量的语音业务，其业务主要有Internet 或Intranet上的语音业务，Web上实现的IVR(交互式语音应答)业务等等。IP电话基本原理是:通过语音压缩算法对语音信号进行压缩编码处理，然后把这些语音数据按TCP/ IP标准进行打包，经过网络把数据包发送到接收地;接收端把这些语音数据包串起来，经过解码、解压缩处理后恢复成原来的语音信号，从而达到由互联网传送语音的目的。<BR><BR>　　2.2、VOIP的系统组成<BR><BR>　　IP 电话系统有四个基本组件:终端设备(Terminal)、网关(Gateway)、网守(Gatekeeper)和管理服务器。VoIP的终端可以有多种类型，包括传统的语音电话、ISDN 终端、PC，也可以是集语音、数据和图像于一体的多媒体业务终端。由于不同种类的终端产生的数据源结构是不同的，要在同一个网络上传输，这就要由网关或者是通过一个适配器进行数据转换，形成统一的IP数据包。在未来，终端的发展趋势应当是标准和规格统一的，以减少数据转换带来的开销。<BR><BR>　　IP电话的核心与关键设备是IP网关。网关具有路由管理功能，它把各地区电话区号映射为相应的地区网关IP地址。这些信息存放在一个数据库中，其中的数据接续处理软件将完成呼叫处理、数字语音打包、路由管理等功能。在用户拨打长途电话时，网关根据电话区号数据资料，确定相应网关的IP地址，并将此IP地址加入IP数据包中，同时选择最佳路由，以减少传输时延，最后IP数据包经Internet到达目的网关。网守是一个H. 323实体，它能够为局域网或广域网的H. 323 终端、网关，提供地址解析、访问控制、身份验证、安全检查、区域管理、呼叫控制信令以及呼叫管理功能，有时它也具有带宽控制和管理、路由控制和计费等功能。在一个由网守管理的域内，对所有的呼叫来说，网守不仅提供呼叫控制业务并且起到了中心控制点的作用，在许多场合下可称之为一个虚拟交换机。管理服务器是为网络管理人员提供的管理工具，可以实现对VoIP网络体系中各种组件的管理工作。网管服务器提供良好的用户界面，使网管人员可以方便地控制所有的系统组件，包括网关、网守等。网管服务器的功能包括设备的控制及配置，数据配给，拨号方案管理、负载均衡及远程监控等。<BR><BR>　　2.3、VOIP的关键技术<BR><BR>　　传统IP网主要用于数据传输业务，它采用尽力而为的无连接技术，因此服务质量没有保证，存在分组丢失、失序到达和时延抖动等问题。数据业务对时延不敏感，但话音传输粲谑凳币滴瘢允毙颉⑹毖拥扔醒细褚螅虼吮匦氩扇√厥獯胧├幢Ｕ弦欢ǖ囊滴裰柿俊Ｄ壳埃赩oIP 系统中，采用信令技术、编码技术、实时传输技术、服务质量(QoS)保证技术以及网络传输技术等关键技术，以改善上述质量问题。<BR><BR>　　(1)信令技术<BR><BR>　　信令技术可为电话呼叫成功和话音质量提供保证，目前广泛采用的VoIP 控制信令体系包括ITU-T的H.323系列、IETF的会话初始化协议(SIP)和媒体网关控制协议(MGCP)。<BR><BR>　　H.323系列标准是有关多媒体通信的协议集，包括用于控制的H.245，用于建立连接的H.225.0，用于补充业务的H.450.1、H.450.2和H.450.3，以及有关安全的H.235 等。该协议集为设备之间、高层应用之间和提供商之间提供互操作性。它不依赖网络结构，独立于操作系统和硬件平台，支持多点功能、多播和带宽管理。由于具有相当的灵活性，H.323支持包含不同功能的节点之间和不同网络之间的会议。H.323建议的多媒体会议系统中的信息流包括音频、视频、数据和控制信息。信息流采用H.225.0建议方式进行打包和传送。H.323呼叫建立过程涉及到三种信令:注册、许可和状态(RAS)信令，H.225.0呼叫信令和H.245控制信令。其中，RAS信令用于完成终端与网守之间的登记注册、授权许可和带宽改变等过程;H.225.0呼叫信令用于在两个终端之间建立连接，利用Q.931 消息控制呼叫建立和拆除，当系统没有网守时，在呼叫涉及的两个终端之间打开呼叫信令信道，当系统有网守时，由网守决定在终端与网守之间或是在两个终端之间开辟呼叫信令信道;H.245 控制信令用于传送终端到终端的控制消息，包括主从判别、能力交换、打开和关闭逻辑信道、模式参数请求、流控消息和通用命令与指令等，其信道可在两个终端之间或终端与网守之间建立。此外，H.323不支持多点发送协议，只能采用多点控制单元(MCU)构成多点会议系统，因而同时支持的多点用户数非常有限。H.323也不支持呼叫转移。与可提供所有通信协议的H.323相比，SIP则是较简单的会话初始化协议，只提供会话或呼叫建立和控制功能，可用于多媒体会议、远程教学及Internet电话等领域。SIP既支持单点发送又支持多点发送，会话参与者和各种媒体可随时加入到一个已存在的会议。SIP还可用于呼叫人或机器设备，如呼叫媒体存储设备以便记录某个会议，或呼叫点播电视服务器以便向会议播放视频信号。IETF于1998 年提出媒体网关控制器协议(MGCP)，它是VoIP领域的重要信令协议。MGCP是无状态协议，该标准定义的功能是:从外部呼叫控制部件(如媒体网关控制器MGC)来控制VoIP媒体网关(MG)。媒体网关控制器是外部设备，在地理上可与媒体网关分开。媒体网关控制器与媒体网关之间的基本呼叫流存在于它们的基本构造状态机中，这样在系统设计时，状态管理的负担就从MG转移到MCG。<BR><BR>　　(2)编码技术<BR><BR>　　话音压缩编码技术是VoIP技术的重要组成部分。为了很好地保证业务质量，在话音编码时，需要使编码速率、编码尺度等具有可变和可适应性，即能使编码具有一定的灵活性。目前，主要的编码技术有ITU-T定义的G.729、G.729.a、G.723.1等。其中，G.729将经过采样的64kbit/s话音以几乎不失真的质量压缩至8kbit/s;G.723.1采用5.3/6.3kbit/s双速率话音编码，其话音质量好，但处理时延较大，它是目前已标准化的最低速率话音编码算法。<BR><BR>　　此外，静音检测技术和回声消除技术也是十分关键的VoIP技术。静音检测技术可有效剔除静默信号，从而使话音信号的占用带宽进一步降低到3.5kbit/s左右。回声消除技术主要利用数字滤波器技术来消除对通话质量影响很大的回声干扰问题，以保证通话质量。<BR><BR>　　(3)实时传输技术<BR><BR>　　实时传输技术主要采用实时传输协议(RTP)。RTP 提供端到端(包括音频在内)的实时数据传输。该协议分为数据和控制两部分，后者为实时传输控制协议(RTCP)。RTP提供时间戳、顺序号和控制不同媒体流同步机制，因此接收端可重组发送端的数据包，RTP还提供接收端到多点发送组的服务质量反馈。<BR><BR>　　(4)QoS保障技术<BR><BR>　　VoIP主要采用资源预留协议(RSVP)和用于服务质量监控的实时传输控制协议，以避免网络拥塞和保障通话质量。<BR><BR>　　(5)网络传输技术<BR><BR>　　VoIP网络传输技术主要有传输控制协议(TCP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)，此外还包括网关互联技术、路由选择技术、网络管理技术、安全认证和计费技术等。RTP提供具有实时特征的端到端数据传输业务，因此可用RTP来传送话音数据。RTP报头包含装载数据的标识符、序列号、时间戳和传送监视等信息，通常可用UDP分组来承载RTP数据单元，为了尽量减少时延，话音净荷通常很短。IP、UDP和RTP报头都按最小长度计算。<BR><BR>　　2.4发展前景<BR><BR>　　从市场驱动来看，IP技术很好地支持了今后的电信业务，包括话音和数据业务。IP网可快速而灵活地引入新的复杂的业务，而且由于IP over SDH、IP over WDM 和IP over Optical 等技术的成熟更使IP网容易建设，使新的运营者容易切入电信业务，可结束电信垄断。VoIP允许新的通信方式提供多媒体内容，这将是推动IP发展的最终决定性因素。下一世纪的网将可能是主要基于IP的网络。IP电话会获得巨大发展，分流PSTN 电话业务。与此同时，ATM电话将投入商用，出现IP、ATM和PSTN互通和互补，话音业务和非话业务相融合的局面，形成未来的多业务网(Mulit-service Network)。<BR><BR>　　四、三网合一的发展<BR><BR>　　在信息时代的社会，一方面，人们需要能有更多更快，更直接的信息交流，这就是所谓同时包括语音、图像和数据在内的多媒体技术。多媒体技术对通信的要求就是高速、宽带的信息传输网络。另一方面，未来会出现许多更加方便和智能化的终端，如数码相机、可视电话、IP电话或其他拿在手上，甚至戴在身上的网络终端，来替代现有的计算机显示屏。还有随着电子商务，VOD、DVD以及高清晰度数字电视的出现，用户终端业务需求对未来网络通信朝着多媒体通信方向发展提出更高的要求。可以看出，社会经济日益增长的需要以及电子信息和通信网络技术的发展对网络的统一提出了迫切要求。三网融合走到今天，几经周折，尽管至今仍然在不断探索之中，但IPTV的美好前景为三网融合提供了契机。IPTV的赢利模式将使电信网、电视网和计算机网可长期共存，各尽其职，充分利用原设备和资源，又可展开竞争和发展。<BR><BR>　　信息技术的发展，促使有线通信和无线通信的结合，传统电信和计算机网络通信的结合，电信产业和媒体、金融产业的结合。技术的发展驱动网络的融合、数字技术的发展使电话。数据和图像等业务信息都可以采用统一的数码传输、交换和分配，以三大业务来分割三大行业的技术基础将不复存在;密集波分复用等光通信技术的发展，为传送宽带图像和数据业务提供了必要的带宽和传输质量以及低廉的成本;软件技术的发展，使用户不必过多改动硬件，就可使网络的功能不断升级，支持多种业务。所以，多种技术的融合使“三网”在网络层上可实现互联互通;业务层上互相渗透和交叉;应用层上使用统一的TCP/IP协议，具备了提供业务融合的技术基础。一个网络的影响和规模与其应用业务的丰富程度是成正比的，在IP网络上，数据、视频、语音等几个方面的业务也飞速发展起来，三网合一是网络应用的发展趋势。<BR><BR>　　未来三网合一的网络，将是一个覆盖全球、功能强大、业务齐全的信息服务网络，这个网络也是全球一体化的综合宽带多媒体通信网络，超大容量的光纤构成地面骨干网络，天上卫星多媒体系统将为全球用户提供普通接入。这一体系是一个有机整体，具有高度统一性和平滑连接性，可以为全球任何地点、采用任何终端的用户提供综合语音、数据、图像等高质量的服务。</FONT></FONT><BR></FONT><FONT color=#666666><BR></FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
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   <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2006 06:42:31 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>　解读新西兰电信</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　解读新西兰电信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　新西兰电信有限公司诞生于</span><chsdate w:st="on" year="1987" month="4" day="1" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1987</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">日</span></chsdate><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，作为一家由新西兰政府控股的国有电信企业，拥有固话、移动电话、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">数据、长话等多项业务，占据了新西兰绝大部分的电信资源。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　它的出现曾经使得新西兰的通讯业务在相当长的一段时间内突飞猛进。其业务范围几乎覆盖了蜂窝电话、固定电话以及网络服务等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　而有了政府的大力支持，新西兰电信则很快就成为新西兰国内的电信市场的主要领导者，并占据了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">65%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的份额。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　但是，新西兰电信的一些行内分析家认为，新西兰电信的表现并不能让人十分满意。举个例子来说，行家们认为其所采取的降价的市场策略把新西兰的移动电话的价格推向了不稳定的低价位。这实际上暗示着新西兰电信已经变成了某种意义上的垄断。政府是不希望这种垄断出现的，因为这会降低整个行业的经济增长速度和竞争能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1990</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">9</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月，政府为偿还国债，以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">42.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">亿新西兰元的价格出售了新西兰电信有限公司。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　这标志着新西兰电信业已经完全破除了垄断，走向市场化经营。从这件事情上，政府认识到只有电信业的市场化才是取得良好经济效益的最有效手段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　如今，拥有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">380</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">多万人口的新西兰，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">96%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">以上的家庭都安装了电话，超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">40%</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的新西兰人拥有移动电话。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　这个普及率达到了欧美发达国家的领先水平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　此外，新西兰电信业务十分发达，电信网络遍及全国，现有的电信服务项目包括</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">：电子排版、移动电话、电信系统和传真。并包括像数据传播服务，如电子通讯、数据出租线路、数据包整体转换以及录象文字显示、电子资金转移服务等项目。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　新西兰电信现有电话约</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">240</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万余部，平均每</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">人有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">部电话。国际电话可直拨</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">150</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个国家和地区。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　成长的烦恼</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　解读新西兰电信发展历程的同时，我们也不得不注意到所有的电信供应商都面临着同一个问题，那就是新西兰的复杂地形带来的诸多障碍。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　新西兰境内山高、河宽、湖泊深谷密布。如此多样的地形，造成了在新西兰，要传输电信数据就要有特殊的方法。此外，新西兰的有些地方还埋不了光缆，因此微波和卫星技术是不可缺少的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　但是，即使使用了这些技术往往还会受到大气和气侯上的影响，大大地削减速了电信信号的发送效果。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　于是，电信营运商们便不得不想尽办法来解决这些挡在他们面前的难题，为拓展市场扫清道路。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　鉴于新西兰复杂多变的地形和分布不均的人口，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在新西兰使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">技术是比较可行的方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　而且，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的基站建设相对来说也比较容易展开。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　纵观整个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">世纪末期，可以说是世界上移动通信发展的重要时期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　在这个时期，世界上几乎同时诞生了两种重要的移动通信体制，一种是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">体制，另一种就是我们所非常熟悉的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">体制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　早在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1987</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年，就已经有国家在进行</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">技术的研究和实验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　但是由于种种原因，一直到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">90</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年代中后期，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">研究、开发的热潮才正式来临。这股</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">热</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">持续升温，就连老牌的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">设备制造商爱立信也在</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3G</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">技术。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Nokia</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公司也很早就在积蓄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">技术方面的力量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　在</span><chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3G</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">标准化进程中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">成了主流技术，差异无非是各种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的变形如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">MC-CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">DS-CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TD-SCDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TD-CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　新西兰电信现在所使用的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">体制显然已经不能适应其业务的蓬勃发展，而且还常出现一些小问题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的建设对促进其电信行业发展将是个不错的选择。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　新西兰电信于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2002</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">月开始建设</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，共建设基站</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">715</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个，有人地区的覆盖率达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">99</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">％，覆盖效果超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和沃达丰公司的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">GSM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　它最大的优点是具备</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">WAP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">功能，虽然目前速率只有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">14</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">44kbps</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，但是本国的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">GSM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">TDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">都不具备此功能。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　但这种功能上的差异和进步，恰恰给</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">技术增加了卖点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　此外，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA WAP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的收费比较便宜，浏览新信息为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">35</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">条目，陈旧信息为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">07</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">条目。用户登记</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">WAP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">功能的时候，可以免费得到一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">E</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">－</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">mail</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">账号，每次收发</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">E</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">－</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">mail</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的费用为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">35</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">次，用户下载信息以流量计费，具体费用可以选择不同的流量资费套餐。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　目前，新西兰电信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">网络有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">WSC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，并且全国仅有一套集中的计费系统，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">ECP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">600</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">多个基站。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">在已发展的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">用户中已有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">万户登记了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">WAP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">功能，增强了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">CDMA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的美誉度。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> <br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">　　网管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">电信发展的基础</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><br /><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roma<!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2472446.html">SWOT的缺陷</a> 2006-05-15</div><div><a href="/logs/2208951.html">世界电信运营商DSL业务发展策略评析</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208906.html">澳大利亚电信的发展战略分析</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203138.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203131.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2208908.html&title=%E3%80%80%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%BB%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/xingzhe?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=xingzhe" target="_blank">行者频道——从普通游客到资深背包族，跟随Ta们的镜头游遍全世界。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2208908.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2006 05:13:10 +0800</pubDate>
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  <item>
   <title>澳大利亚电信的发展战略分析</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">汪卫国<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">摘要</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：澳大利亚电信是澳大利亚最大的电信运营商，在有线、无线和数据领域均占据主导地位。在激烈的国内外电信市场竞争中，澳大利亚电信的整体经营业绩三年来保持了上升的趋势，这与其发展和经营策略密不可分。分析了澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年的经营业绩，然后从其战略思想出发，分析了该公司近三年来的主要发展策略。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">关键词</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">：经营 发展战略 澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">(Telstra)</span>是澳大利亚最大的电信运营商，其电信网络覆盖全国<span lang="EN-US">95%</span>的家庭，拥有综合业务接入网、全国宽带骨干网、数字蜂窝网络<span lang="EN-US">--</span>可为个人和企业用户提供本地电话、长途电话、移动电话、多媒体和互联网服务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信是由政府持股的公营电信组织，从<span lang="EN-US">1997</span>年澳大利亚政府全面开放电信市场之时开始私有化进程，最初联邦政府向公众出售了<span lang="EN-US">1/3</span>的股权，以股票形式在澳大利亚、新西兰以及纽约证券交易所上市，<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>年<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月政府又出售另外的<span lang="EN-US">16.6%</span>的股份，目前联邦政府拥有澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">50.1%</span>的股份。除国家持股外，全澳大利亚持有该公司股票的股东数超过<span lang="EN-US">200</span>万。澳大利亚政府考虑在<span lang="EN-US">2004-2005</span>年全部出售它在澳大利亚电信的股份，使其成为彻底的上市和私营公司。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信拥有三家子公司：中国香港的主导移动运营商<span lang="EN-US">----</span>香港<span lang="EN-US">CSL</span>有限公司、新西兰第二大全业务运营商<span lang="EN-US">----</span>澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">Clear</span>有限公司和亚太地区最大的提供语音数据和互联网接入服务的批发业务运营商之一<span lang="EN-US">----REACH</span>有限公司。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">近期经营业绩分析</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">1.</span>财务状况<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　由于电信市场低迷，<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年澳大利亚电信的部分业务市场流失，销售收入同比仅增长了<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>个百分点，为<span lang="EN-US">205</span>亿澳元。为了适应市场环境的变化，它调整了资本支出方向，下调了一些业务价格，尽管销售收入没有大的增长，但是自由现金流较同期增长迅速，达<span lang="EN-US">45.65</span>亿澳元，增长<span lang="EN-US">18.9%</span>。同时其净资产达到近<span lang="EN-US">5</span>年的最高水平<span lang="EN-US">(</span>表<span lang="EN-US">1)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信为<span lang="EN-US">REACH</span>公司投入了<span lang="EN-US">9.65</span>亿澳元的资金，而<span lang="EN-US">REACH</span>公司在<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年的营业收入为零，此次投资并未获得收益，是造成澳大利亚电信的息税后利润下滑的主要因素，较同期下降了<span lang="EN-US">6.3%</span>，抛开这一因素，澳大利亚电信的息税后利润同比提高<span lang="EN-US">***%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">2. 2003</span>财年经营亮点<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">*</span>平均每天固定线路呼叫<span lang="EN-US">3500</span>万次；<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">*</span>移动用户数达到<span lang="EN-US">660</span>万；<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">*</span>宽带用户增长<span lang="EN-US">114%</span>；<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">*</span>平均每月<span lang="EN-US">Sensis</span>业务在线用户数<span lang="EN-US">260</span>万；<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">*</span>拥有中国香港<span lang="EN-US">17%</span>的移动通信市场份额。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">业务发展情况</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信主要业务包括传统电信业务和非传统电信业务。传统电信业务即固定业务，而非传统业务包括移动业务、互联网业务、号簿业务、广告业务以及付费电视业务<span lang="EN-US">(FOXTEL)</span>。这些业务为澳大利亚电信提供了强劲的现金流。目前，其业务收入主体已从传统业务向非传统业务转移，传统业务的收入比例从<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年的<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>下降到<span lang="EN-US">39%</span>，降低了<span lang="EN-US">11%</span>，而新兴业务的收入比例开始提高，与<span lang="EN-US">1998</span>年的数据相比，移动业务收入比例提高了<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个百分点，国际业务的收入比例也占到了<span lang="EN-US">9%</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">1.</span>市场份额<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信的各项主营业务在整个澳大利亚电信市场的表现良好，本地业务、基础接入、数据业务及宽带互联网业务都占到<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>以上份额<span lang="EN-US">(</span>表<span lang="EN-US">2)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">2.</span>固定业务<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信的固定业务经过多年的发展，在澳大利亚市场上占据了绝对主导地位，是该公司业务收入和现金流的主要来源之一，其业务收入约占总收入的<span lang="EN-US">1/3</span>，因此尽管新兴业务的发展速度更为迅猛，但是澳大利亚电信仍然在大力发展这项传统业务。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年，澳大利亚电信在固定新业务和新产品的开发和引进上投入了大量资金，并进行技术革新使得用户能够自主地进行呼叫管理。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">3.</span>移动业务<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　由于移动市场保持快速稳定的发展，<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月澳大利亚的移动电话普及率已经达到<span lang="EN-US">72%</span>，上升的空间已经比较有限，估计全澳移动电话普及率的峰值将在<span lang="EN-US">85%</span>。尽管如此，澳大利亚电信的移动用户数增长仍很迅速，在<span lang="EN-US">2002-2003</span>年度，移动用户新增<span lang="EN-US">62.7</span>万用户。移动通信新的增长点是移动数据等新业务，因此澳大利亚电信对移动数据应用业务非常关注，推出了一些新的数据应用。如<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月推出了基于<span lang="EN-US">CDMA 1X RTT</span>的澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">Mobile Loop</span>业务，为用户提供无线娱乐服务以及诸如聊天、电子邮件、音乐和信息服务。同时澳大利亚电信也非常重视无线局域网的发展，开始部署位于酒店和机场，可为用户提供无线上网服务的移动热点，并已经投入使用。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">4.</span>宽带业务<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信的宽带接入方式包括<span lang="EN-US">Cable</span>，<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>及双向卫星通信。宽带业务是澳大利亚电信关键的增长型业务之一。在<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年里，澳大利亚电信的宽带用户数翻了一番，达到<span lang="EN-US">36.1</span>万。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">BigPond</span>是澳大利亚最大的互联网业务提供商<span lang="EN-US">(ISP)</span>。<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">3</span>月，澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">BigPond</span>的宽带安装费降低了<span lang="EN-US">100</span>澳元，价格下降使得<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">4</span>月份的宽带业务上升了<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>。澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">BigPond</span>不仅通过降低宽带费用来吸引用户，同时也从用户的角度出发，推出了方便用户的举措：为用户提供<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>安装自助工具包，大约有<span lang="EN-US">75%</span>的<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>用户使用该自助工具包。作为最大的<span lang="EN-US">ISP</span>，澳大利亚电信<span lang="EN-US">BigPond</span>并不局限在提供接入业务上，它还为用户提供了丰富的宽带内容，包括娱乐、游戏、音乐和体育赛事，所有的这些内容服务对采用不限时接入的<span lang="EN-US">Cable</span>和<span lang="EN-US">ADSL</span>用户是不限流量的，这样的营销方式不仅大大推动了澳大利亚电信宽带用户数的增长，而且有利于用户忠诚度的保持。澳大利亚电信的目标是到<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年宽带用户数达到<span lang="EN-US">100</span>万，到<span lang="EN-US">2006</span>年宽带业务收入达到<span lang="EN-US">10</span>亿澳元。<b><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">澳大利亚电信的发展战略分析</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">1.</span>战略分析<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>优势<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信在固定通信领域占据垄断地位。在竞争逐渐加剧的市场环境下，澳大利亚电信开始转向高增长型业务，特别是数据和移动业务，它具有良好的市场适应能力和新业务开发能力，市场总值达<span lang="EN-US">570</span>亿澳元，位列全球电信运营商第<span lang="EN-US">13</span>名。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>劣势<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信面临着来自多方的威胁。澳大利亚的电信市场开放后，有多家新运营商进入市场，市场竞争环境越来越激烈，澳大利亚电信首先要努力巩固在国内市场的地位；其次，由于亚太地区许多国家的电信市场向摆脱管制的方向发展，一些大公司对亚太市场虎视眈眈，澳大利亚电信同时要尽力维护在境外已有的投资利益？第三，澳大利亚电信现有投资多在泛亚大陆，为了增强实力，扩大公司经营区域，澳大利亚电信也在加大国际投资，向国际化大公司的方向发展。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信的战略优势决定了其一段时间内将保持在澳大利亚市场的主导地位，由于新加坡电信加盟<span lang="EN-US">C&amp;W Optus</span>，使得澳大利亚电信面临着更为紧迫的国内竞争形势，澳大利亚电信在保有国内市场的同时也在加强对境外市场的投资，特别是亚洲之外的市场投资。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">2.</span>发展战略<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信的战略目标是成为世界一流的全业务电信运营公司，为澳大利亚和全球用户提供创新的通信服务和产品，实现公司和股东利益共同的可盈利增长。在严峻的国内和国际竞争形势下，澳大利亚电信确立了公司发展战略思想，并制定了一系列的发展策略，可以用三个同心圆来表示：最中心的圆由公司业务单元和职能单元组成，承担全公司的网络和业务的发展任务，所有工作围绕用户开展；中间的圆由公司网络和业务组成，包括基础设施、业务、产品和技术，这是公司发展业务和争取用户的基础，是保持澳大利亚电信主导运营商地位和竞争优势的支撑；最外的圆则是由公司的各类用户群体组成，反映出澳大利亚电信所担负的使命，即为每一类用户开发、设计适合需要的通信解决方案。澳大利亚电信的每一个发展策略都是以用户和市场为核心制定的，而用户和市场的发展同时也推动了公司整体利益的增长。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">3.</span>具体发展策略<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　在内忧外患的形势下，澳大利亚电信近三年来的经营业绩总体上保持了上升的趋势，这与其经营策略密不可分。其主要采用的策略如下。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">(1)</span>动态调整组织机构以适应市场变化<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　市场竞争的加剧使得澳大利亚电信在一些业务市场的用户开始流失，面对新的市场环境，澳大利亚电信运用先进的分析方法，对用户的需求加以分析，以此为依据采取相应的措施满足各类用户的不同需求，同时也在以用户为中心的指导思想下对公司组织机构进行了改革。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">1</span>月，为了更好地适应用户需求，使用户与澳大利亚电信的联系更为便利和有效，澳大利亚电信打破了原有的按照业务属性划分战略业务单元的模式，把本地业务零售部的三个以业务为中心的单元以细分市场为中心重新组合，形成了目前以用户为中心的组织结构。这次机构改革也反映出澳大利亚电信打造一个业务品牌的战略思想，以及利用全业务运营商的优势地位推行业务捆绑的策略。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　通过业务捆绑，用户能够享受到价格的优惠和单一账单的便利性，到<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月，澳大利亚电信使用捆绑业务的用户已有<span lang="EN-US">120</span>万，同比提高了<span lang="EN-US">23%</span>。捆绑业务同时也增强了用户的忠诚度。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信以用户为中心的业务单元重组以及致力于创新的管理模式使其<span lang="EN-US">2003</span>财年的财务表现良好，并且为未来的发展奠定了基础。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">(2)</span>增强产品和业务的创新能力<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　为增强公司的竞争能力，澳大利亚电信投入了大量资金升级电信网络，同时关闭过时的网络。<span lang="EN-US">1999</span>年完成该公司网络数字化进程，<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>年推出<span lang="EN-US">CDMA</span>移动网络，<span lang="EN-US">2001</span>年关闭了模拟移动网，<span lang="EN-US">2002</span>年<span lang="EN-US">12</span>月首次推出基于<span lang="EN-US">CDMA 1X RTT</span>的商用<chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">3G</span></chmetcnv>业务。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信通过建立基金、实验室等方式来增强企业产品和业务的创新能力。为推进下一代宽带市场的发展，澳大利亚电信为宽带基金投入了<span lang="EN-US">1 000</span>万澳元现金及<span lang="EN-US">2 000</span>万澳元的固定资产投资，并将在<span lang="EN-US">5</span>年内再投入<span lang="EN-US">1500</span>万澳元。澳大利亚电信在<span lang="EN-US">Clayton</span>、墨尔本、维多利亚、悉尼等<span lang="EN-US">7</span>个城市都建有实验室。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　澳大利亚电信不仅注重传统语音业务的创新，而且也注重在新兴业务如移动数据、交互式电视等方面的创新<span lang="EN-US">(</span>表<span lang="EN-US">3)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">(3)</span>国际化策略<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　实施兼并参股，增加海外投资，扩大海外市场的国际化策略是澳大利亚电信的重要战略。澳大利亚电信尤其重视在亚太地区的发展，近年来几项主要的国际投资均集中在亚太地区。澳大利亚电信将进一步扩大海外市场，其发展重点仍放在该公司拥有良好声誉和运营经验的亚太地区，其中中国市场是澳大利亚电信最为关注的市场之一。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">4.</span>业务发展趋势<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">　　由于市场竞争逐渐加强，传统业务竞争加剧，新兴业务快速发展，而管制机构正在酝酿进一步开放电信市场，澳大利亚电信所面对的市场形势将越来越严峻。在今后一年里，澳大利亚电信的重要发展战略之一就是积极引入新业务和新产品<span lang="EN-US">(</span>表<span lang="EN-US">4)</span>，关注移动数据、宽带应用和内容的发展，应用创新和内容服务将增强澳大利亚电信的全业务竞争能力，同时澳大利亚电信也将进一步扩展国际业务，以保障它的海外投资利益，并在国内竞争日趋激烈的时候增强企业生存能力。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2472446.html">SWOT的缺陷</a> 2006-05-15</div><div><a href="/logs/2208947.html">三网合一</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203138.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203123.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203001.html">Government Rubberstamps Telecom Monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2208906.html&title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/fengshang?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=fengshang" target="_blank">风尚频道——国内顶尖的时尚族群汇聚于此，未必是流行，但一定要有品位。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2208906.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Thu, 06 Apr 2006 05:08:33 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 4.5pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2" align="left"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #595730; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">&quot;Break Telecom's broadband monopoly&quot;<p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #8e2a10; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Monday, 13 February 2006, 12:22 pm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #8e2a10; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Press Release: Green Party</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;Break Telecom's broadband monopoly&quot; Greens tell Labour <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Breaking Telecom's monopoly over IT wire infrastructure should be an urgent priority for the Government this year, according to Green Party IT Spokesperson Nandor Tanczos. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;The artificially slow speed and high price of the broadband services Telecom offers are seriously hampering <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">New Zealand</place></country-region> businesses and short-changing home users. The Government needs to reverse its previous decision and move swiftly to break Telecom's monopoly and unbundle the local loop,&quot; he says. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;What we have now is the equivalent of a multi-lane highway paid for by tax-payers, where the private owner has blocked off most of the lanes. Telecom is manufacturing congestion on the information highway.&quot; <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">The Green Party has welcomed indications by the Prime Minister that the Government intends to address the problem, but stresses that anything less than full unbundling will fall short for New Zealanders. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;Already, at least one major IT company has said that the poor broadband situation in <country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</country-region> is affecting what they can sell here, compared to <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Australia</place></country-region>. New Zealanders are being short-changed because the Government has rejected local loop unbundling,&quot; Nandor says. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;While it is no surprise that Telecom wants to maintain its monopoly, it is astonishing that, to date, the Government has let it. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;A strong IT infrastructure is one significant way that <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">New Zealand</place></country-region> can compensate for our geographical distance from other land masses. That possibility is being hampered by Telecom's monopoly over the copper wire network. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;The innovations that will explode with the advent of cheap and fast broadband are exciting to consider. They will open up new ways of doing things, in both businesses and homes. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;New Zealanders are generally quick to embrace and advance new technologies, but they are being denied the chance to do so by Telecom's short-sightedness,&quot; Nandor says.<p /></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2522695.html">Introduction of Strategy Management</a> 2006-05-22</div><div><a href="/logs/2208951.html">世界电信运营商DSL业务发展策略评析</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208949.html">欧洲宽带培植转型基因</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208947.html">三网合一</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203001.html">Government Rubberstamps Telecom Monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2203138.html&title=Break+Telecom%27s+broadband+monopoly">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/sejie?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=sejie" target="_blank">色界频道——这里有顶尖的摄影大师，也有摄影爱好者，他们用相机收纳大千世界。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2203138.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Wed, 05 Apr 2006 16:14:45 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 4.5pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-outline-level: 2" align="left"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #595730; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt">&quot;Break Telecom's broadband monopoly&quot;<p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #8e2a10; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Monday, 13 February 2006, 12:22 pm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><br /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #8e2a10; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Press Release: Green Party</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;Break Telecom's broadband monopoly&quot; Greens tell Labour <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Breaking Telecom's monopoly over IT wire infrastructure should be an urgent priority for the Government this year, according to Green Party IT Spokesperson Nandor Tanczos. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;The artificially slow speed and high price of the broadband services Telecom offers are seriously hampering <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">New Zealand</place></country-region> businesses and short-changing home users. The Government needs to reverse its previous decision and move swiftly to break Telecom's monopoly and unbundle the local loop,&quot; he says. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;What we have now is the equivalent of a multi-lane highway paid for by tax-payers, where the private owner has blocked off most of the lanes. Telecom is manufacturing congestion on the information highway.&quot; <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">The Green Party has welcomed indications by the Prime Minister that the Government intends to address the problem, but stresses that anything less than full unbundling will fall short for New Zealanders. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;Already, at least one major IT company has said that the poor broadband situation in <country-region w:st="on">New Zealand</country-region> is affecting what they can sell here, compared to <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Australia</place></country-region>. New Zealanders are being short-changed because the Government has rejected local loop unbundling,&quot; Nandor says. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;While it is no surprise that Telecom wants to maintain its monopoly, it is astonishing that, to date, the Government has let it. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;A strong IT infrastructure is one significant way that <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">New Zealand</place></country-region> can compensate for our geographical distance from other land masses. That possibility is being hampered by Telecom's monopoly over the copper wire network. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;The innovations that will explode with the advent of cheap and fast broadband are exciting to consider. They will open up new ways of doing things, in both businesses and homes. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&quot;New Zealanders are generally quick to embrace and advance new technologies, but they are being denied the chance to do so by Telecom's short-sightedness,&quot; Nandor says.<p /></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="/logs/2472446.html">SWOT的缺陷</a> 2006-05-15</div><div><a href="/logs/2208949.html">欧洲宽带培植转型基因</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2208908.html">　解读新西兰电信</a> 2006-04-06</div><div><a href="/logs/2203131.html">Break Telecom's broadband monopoly</a> 2006-04-05</div><div><a href="/logs/2203051.html">Still ripping us off after all these years</a> 2006-04-05</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fstrategy.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2203123.html&title=Break+Telecom%27s+broadband+monopoly">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://pindao.blogbus.com/xingzhe?utm_source=blogbus&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=xingzhe" target="_blank">行者频道——从普通游客到资深背包族，跟随Ta们的镜头游遍全世界。</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://strategy.blogbus.com/logs/2203123.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Wed, 05 Apr 2006 16:14:25 +0800</pubDate>
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